Introduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a very complicated autoimmune disease which is characterized by the presence of abnormal neutrophils known as Low Density Granulocytes (LDGs). These LDGs have increased capacity to produce Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs). Vitamin D levels in SLE patients were significantly lower than that of healthy subjects. This study aims to investigate the effects of vitamin D [1,25 (OH) 2 D3] on NETosis and endothelial cell apoptosis in SLE patients with vitamin D deficiency.
: Tuberculous meningoencephalitis (TBM) is the most severe, life-threatening form of tuberculosis that contributes to as much as 5% of cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Emerging at the end of 2019, COVID-19 has been shown to affect various organs, including the brain. In this case report, a 21-year-old woman diagnosed with TBM, being in the intensive phase of tuberculous therapy, came with dysphagia and dysphonia as new complaints felt one day before admission accompanied by a positive meningeal sign, diplopia, and cephalgia, which became heavier after previously getting better. Cough and fever followed this complaint two days before admission. About the laboratory results, the PCR was positive for COVID-19, and CT scans showed increased leptomeningeal enhancement when compared with CT scan one month earlier. The patient received intravenous dexamethasone, anti-tuberculosis drugs, phenytoin, aspirin, oseltamivir, and hydroxychloroquine. The patient died four days after being hospitalized due to respiratory failure. This case report shows the coinfection of COVID-19 and TBM resulting in a poor tuberculosis treatment response and outcome.
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