In 1997 the new law about Public Health Service (OGDG) in Northrhine-Westfalia was put into operation. It included two new sets of compulsory tasks: local health reporting (GBE) and local health conferences (KGK). These new tasks are installed as planning and steering instruments aiming for a better health-care on the local level. The central object is the knowledge-based formation of local health policies. Thereby, local representatives concerned with health and social services should participate as well as administrators and politicians. Since the middle of the 1990 s both new tasks have been established by the public health department of the county of Heinsberg in Northrhine-Westfalia. The experience of this department over almost ten years is the background for the empirical research project that is described in this paper. The study investigates the vocational practices, the decision-making and the health-related attitudes of the relevant local administrative and political representatives. The impulse for the start of the study was given by the constant reluctance of political and administrative top managers to make use of these new planning instruments in agenda setting and decision making. 44 high-ranking staff members and politicians (mayors, party chairmen, heads of departments far beyond the health office) were personally interviewed. Although they are not part of the health administration they claim to be occupied with quite a few health-related tasks. The overlapping of their set of tasks with the local health policies is evident for the interviewed managers. How-ever, this does not cause them to use the two new planning instruments. In particular, they do not participate in the local health conferences. They rather prefer the traditional path of policy making (parties, committees, fractions) even if these paths are less efficient than the new ones. The health conference is much more used by health-service providers as a platform for setting priorities and organising their implementation effectively. So far, the inclusion of the other local representatives (administrative managers, etc.) although they are concerned with health issues has not been achieved. This is also true for local politicians who are responsible for health-care policies. The authors of the paper see it to be the task of the local public health department to convince all these players that the health conference is a productive tool and a useful platform for the discussion of the health problems in the county and the coordination of necessary actions to be taken. The most important focus point is seen in the intersection of health policies with other local policies.
The local health conference in a North Rhine-Westphalian county of Germany has made proposals to improve immunisation rates against measles, mumps and rubella. Another target was to prevent decubitus by elderly patients in hospitals, nursing homes and in the outpatient nursing. Local public health reports were the basis for the development of (local) health targets in the health conference. The data of 12,830 immunisation papers from 11-19-year old students showed immunisation rates against measles, mumps and rubella from 44% to 14% depending on the type of school. Virus hepatitis B immunisation rates are 32% in the county. There were also great differences between local towns of the county. The decubitus data showed rates from 2.3% in nursing homes to 5.1% in the outpatient sector. It is also shown that health reports and health conferences help to improve local conditions in public and individual health.
The brief questionnaire is a useful instrument to get an overview on respiratory symptoms. Since 1995, it is used by several German Municipal Health Services for Public Health Reports.
The article by Torleif Elgvin in ZAW 132/2 (2020): 281–300 fails in the material reconstruction of 1QSam. Considering the different width of the columns correctly, the manuscript could well have contained all parts of 2Sam 20–23 which makes further speculations superfluous.
The "demographic" figures in Numbers are explained as an integral part of a numerical system, which keeps together the Pentateuchal composition. The figure of 79 explicitly named fathers of tribes and clans in Israel in Num 26 is crucial for this approach. Furthermore, one has to consider the history of reception in Qumran and in Rabbinic Judaism in which the officers according to Ex 18 and Dtn 1 are combined with the large number of Israelites or with the census itself. It is shown that Israel had to number exactly 603550 men in order to get an executive staff of exactly 79079 persons when departing from Mt. Sinai. Similarly, the figure 79 underlies the data concerning the death toll by reason of the mgph during the wanderings, the officers according to the second census, and, last not least, the global chronological system of the Pentateuch.
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