Effluent wastewater
containing dyes from textile, paint, and various other industrial
wastes have long posed environmental damage. Functional nanomaterials
offer new opportunities to treat these effluent wastes in an unprecedentedly
rapid and efficient fashion due to their large surface area-to-volume
ratio. In this work, we explore a new approach of wastewater treatment
using macroionic coacervate complexes formed with zwitterionic polyampholytes
and anionic inorganic polyoxometalate (POM) nanoclusters to extract
methylene blue (MB) dye as well as other cationic industrial dyes
from model wastewater. Biphasic organic–inorganic macroion
complexes are designed to produce a small volume of coacervate adsorbents
of high density and viscoelasticity, in contrast to a large volume
of supernatant solution for rapid and efficient dye removal. The efficiency
of coacervate extraction is characterized by the adsorption isotherm
and maximum MB uptake capacity against the concentrations of polyampholyte,
POM, and LiCl salt using UV–vis spectrophotometry to optimize
the coacervate formation conditions. Our macroionic coacervate complexes
could reach nearly 99% removal efficiency for the model wastewater
samples of varied MB concentration in <1 min. The extraction capacity
up to ∼400 mg/g far surpasses the dye extraction efficiency
of widely used activated carbon adsorbents. We also explore the regeneration
of coacervate complexes containing high concentration of extracted
MB by a simple Fenton oxidation process to bleach coacervate complexes
for repeated POM usage, which shows similar MB extraction efficiency
after regeneration. Hence, coacervate extraction based upon spontaneous
liquid–liquid separating complexation between polyzwitterions
and POMs is demonstrated as a rapid, efficient, and sustainable method
for industrial dye wastewater treatment. In perspective, coacervate
extraction could advantageously possess dual processing options in
separation industry through either membrane fabrication or use directly
in mixer-settlers.
The gallium analogue of the soluble Prussian blue with the formula KGa[Fe(CN)6]·nH2O is synthesized and structurally characterized. A simple aqueous synthetic procedure for preparing nanoparticles of this novel coordination polymer is reported. The stability, in vitro ion exchange with ferrous ions, cytotoxicity, and cellular uptake of such nanoparticles coated with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) are investigated for potential applications of delivering Ga(3+) ions into cells or removing iron from cells.
The principle of the Irving-Williams series is applied to the design of a novel prodrug based on K2Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2 nanoparticles (ZnPB NPs) for Wilson's disease (WD), a rare but fatal genetic disorder characterized by the accumulation of excess copper in the liver and other vital organs. The predetermined ion-exchange reaction rather than chelation between ZnPB NPs and copper ions leads to high selectivity of such NPs for copper in the presence of the other endogenous metal ions. Furthermore, ZnPB NPs are highly water-dispersible and noncytotoxic and can be readily internalized by cells to target intracellular copper ions for selective copper detoxification, suggesting their potential application as a new-generation treatment for WD.
Gallium Analogue of Soluble Prussian Blue KGa[Fe(CN) 6 ]·nH 2 O: Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Biomedical Applications. -KGa[Fe(CN)6]·nH2O is synthesized by mixing equimolar aqueous solutions of Ga(NO3)3 and K4[Fe(CN)6]. The resulting fine dispersed precipitate is isolated via 10 min of centrifugation at 13,000 rpm. KGa[Fe(CN)6]·nH2O nanoparticles crystallize in the cubic space group Fm3m (powder XRD). The thermal stability, in vitro ion exchange with ferrous ions, cytotoxicity, and cellular uptake of nanoparticles coated with PVP are investigated in the view of biomedical as well as radiotherapeutical applications. -(KANDANAPITIYE, M. S.; VALLEY, B.; YANG, L. D.; FRY, A. M.; WOODWARD*, P. M.; HUANG, S. D.; Inorg. Chem. 52 (2013) 6, 2790-2792, http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic302262g ; Dep. Chem. Biochem., Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Eng.) -J. Schramke 21-016
We report separation of genomic DNA (48 kbp) from bovine serum albumin (BSA) by the electro-hydrodynamic coupling between a pressure-driven flow and a parallel electric field.
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