16 PURPOSE:The aim of the current investigation was to utilize a musculoskeletal simulation 17 approach to resolve muscle forces during the pedal cycle, in order to specifically examine the 18 effects of chainring geometry on patellofemoral loading during cycling. RESULTS:No significant (P>0.05) differences in patellofemoral force or stress were found 26 throughout the pedal cycle between chainring conditions. It was also shown that no 27 significant (P>0.05) differences in patellofemoral force per 20 km joint were evident (round 28
The aim of the current investigation was to examine the effects of high- and low-cut basketball-specific footwear, in relation to minimalist and conventional athletic footwear, on the kinetics and three-dimensional (3D) kinematics of sport-specific basketball movements. Ten males performed run and 45[Formula: see text] cut movements, whilst wearing low-cut, high-cut, minimalist and conventional athletic footwear. 3D kinematics of the lower extremities were measured using an eight-camera motion analysis system, alongside the vertical rate of loading, which was obtained using an embedded force platform. Footwear differences in 3D kinematic and loading rate parameters were examined using 4 (footwear) [Formula: see text] (movement), repeated measures ANOVA. The results showed that loading rate was significantly larger in the minimalist footwear ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]BW/s), in relation to the low-cut ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]BW/s), high-cut ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]BW/s) and conventional ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]BW/s) conditions. In addition, it was also revealed during the run movement that peak angles of eversion were reduced significantly when wearing the high-cut ([Formula: see text]) footwear, compared to the low-cut [Formula: see text], minimalist [Formula: see text] and conventional [Formula: see text] conditions. The findings from the current investigation indicate that from an injury prevention context, conventional athletic footwear may be most appropriate for basketball players who are susceptible to chronic impact-related injuries, and high-cut footwear may be most suitable for players who require additional medial/lateral ankle stability.
The aim of this work was to examine the effects of barefoot, cross-fit, minimalist and conventional footwear on patellofemoral loading during running. Twelve cross-fit athletes ran at 4.0 m/s in each of the four footwear conditions. Lower limb kinematics were collected using an 8 camera motion analysis system and patellofemoral loading was estimated using a mathematical modelling approach. Differences between footwear were examined using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. The results showed the peak patellofemoral force and stress were significantly reduced when running barefoot (force = 3.42 BW & stress = 10.71 MPa) and in minimalist footwear (force = 3.73 BW & stress = 11.64 MPa) compared to conventional (force = 4.12 BW & stress = 12.69 MPa) and cross-fit (force = 3.97 BW & stress = 12.30 MPa) footwear. In addition, the findings also showed that patellofemoral impulse was significantly reduced when running barefoot (0.35 BW·s) and in minimalist footwear (0.36 BW·s) compared to conventional (0.42 BW·s) and cross-fit (0.38 BW·s) footwear. Given the proposed association between patellofemoral loading and patellofemoral disorders, the outcomes from the current investigation suggest that cross-fit athletes who select barefoot and minimalist footwear for their running activities may be at reduced risk from patellofemoral joint pathology in comparison to conventional and cross-fit footwear conditions.
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