The effects of conventional and oval chainrings on patellofemoral loading during road cycling: an exploration using musculoskeletal simulation

Sinclair, Jonathan Kenneth; Stainton, Philip; Sant, Benjamin

doi:10.1007/s11332-017-0401-6

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The full text of 227 studies was retrieved and screened (figure 2). In total, 71 articles were included in the systematic review 25–95. There were 63 within-subject studies (56 healthy individuals, 7 patellofemoral pain), 1 randomised controlled trial in healthy individuals (online supplemental table 2) and…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

May the force be with you: understanding how patellofemoral joint reaction force compares across different activities and physical interventions—a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveTo systematically review and synthesise patellofemoral joint reaction force (PFJRF) in healthy individuals and those with patellofemoral pain and osteoarthritis (OA), during everyday activities, therapeutic exercises and with physical interventions (eg, foot orthotics, footwear, taping, bracing).DesignA systematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourcesMedline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, SportDiscus and Cochrane Library databases were searched.Eligibility criteriaObservational and interventional studies reporting PFJRF during everyday activities, therapeutic exercises, and physical interventions.ResultsIn healthy individuals, the weighted average of mean (±SD) peak PFJRF for everyday activities were: walking 0.9±0.4 body weight (BW), stair ascent 3.2±0.7 BW, stair descent 2.8±0.5 BW and running 5.2±1.2 BW. In those with patellofemoral pain, peak PFJRF were: walking 0.8±0.2 BW, stair ascent 2.5±0.5 BW, stair descent 2.6±0.5 BW, running 4.1±0.9 BW. Only single studies reported peak PFJRF during everyday activities in individuals with patellofemoral OA/articular cartilage defects (walking 1.3±0.5 BW, stair ascent 1.6±0.4 BW, stair descent 1.0±0.5 BW). The PFJRF was reported for many different exercises and physical interventions; however, considerable variability precluded any pooled estimates.SummaryEveryday activities and exercises involving larger knee flexion (eg, squatting) expose the patellofemoral joint to higher PFJRF than those involving smaller knee flexion (eg, walking). There were no discernable differences in peak PFJRF during everyday activities between healthy individuals and those with patellofemoral pain/OA. The information on PFJRF may be used to select appropriate variations of exercises and physical interventions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

May the force be with you: understanding how patellofemoral joint reaction force compares across different activities and physical interventions—a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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“…The bicycle set-up was conducted in accordance with previous recommendations and maintained between each condition. The cycling shoes and cleats were also maintained across all trials (21).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same biomechanical modelling approach as experiment 1 was utilized and five pedal cycles were examined in each condition during minutes 2-3. The pedal cycle was delineated using concurrent instances in which the right pedal was positioned at top dead centre, in accordance with Sinclair et al (21).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A three-experiment examination of iliotibial band strain characteristics during different conditions using musculoskeletal simulation

et al. 2020

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Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is a common chronic pathology mediated via excessive Iliotibial band (ITB) strain. The purpose using a three-experiment approach is to provide insight into the differences in strain between different athletic movements, the incidence of ITBS in females, the efficacy of different prophylactic modalities for ITBS and also the kinematic parameters associated with ITB strain. METHODS: Experiment 1 examined male and female athletes performing run, 45° cut and one-legged hop movements, experiment 2 observed males and females, whilst running in five different orthotic conditions and experiment 3 examined males and females riding a cycle ergometer at 70, 80 and 90RPM whilst in prophylactic knee brace and no-brace conditions. In each experiment, kinematics were obtained using a motion capture system and ITB strain was measured using a musculoskeletal simulation approach. RESULTS:In experiment 1 ITB strain was greater in the run (male=3.87% & female=4.37%; P<0.001) and cut (male=3.12% & female=4.06%; P<0.001) movements compared to hop (male=0.87% & female=1.54%). Experiment 2 showed that females exhibited increased ITB strain (male=6.34% & female=8.91%; P<0.05) and ITB strain velocity (male=57.17%/s & female=77.41%/s; P<0.05) and also in females that ITB strain velocity was greater (P≤0.01) in lateral (80.22%/s) and no-orthotic (83.01%/s) conditions compared to medial (72.58%/s) and off the shelf orthoses (74.52%/s). The regression analyses across movements showed that ITB strain was predicted by sagittal and coronal plane mechanics at the hip (R 2 =0.15-0.30; P<0.05) and sagittal, coronal and transverse plane kinematics at the knee joint (R 2 =0.15-0.22; P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Further insight is provided into differences in ITB strain across functional athletic movements, the increased incidence of ITBS in females and the parameters linked most strongly with ITB strain during different movements is provided; whilst also highlighting the prophylactic efficacy of medial and off the shelf orthoses in female runners.

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“…Additionally, they concluded that the oval chainring geometry might reduce the knee injuries. However, Sinclair et al [13] advise that the geometric chainring configurations do not appear to influence the patellofemoral force per 20 km joint during the pedal cycle. They found that the difference between the knee forces are not significant (around 8%) comparing the circular chainring with the oval one.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Procedure for the Kinematic and Power Analysis of Cyclists in Indoor Training

Calvo

Álvarez‐Caldas

García

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In this research, the performance and movements of amateur and professional cyclists were analyzed. For this, reflective markers have been used on different parts of the body of the participants in conjunction with sports cameras and a mobile power meter. The trajectories of the markers have been obtained with the software Kinovea and subsequently analyzed using error ellipses. It is demonstrated that the error ellipses help determine movement patterns in the knees, back, and hip. The covariance of the error ellipses can be indicative of the alignment and symmetry of the frontal movement of the knees. In addition, it allows verifying the alignment of the spine and the symmetry of the hip. Finally, it is shown that it is necessary to consider the uncertainty of the power devices since it considerably affects the evaluation of the cyclists’ performance. Devices with high uncertainty will demand a greater effort from the cyclist to meet the power required in the endurance test developed. The statistical magnitudes considered help to analyze power and evaluate the cyclists’ performance.

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The effects of conventional and oval chainrings on patellofemoral loading during road cycling: an exploration using musculoskeletal simulation

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

May the force be with you: understanding how patellofemoral joint reaction force compares across different activities and physical interventions—a systematic review and meta-analysis

May the force be with you: understanding how patellofemoral joint reaction force compares across different activities and physical interventions—a systematic review and meta-analysis

A three-experiment examination of iliotibial band strain characteristics during different conditions using musculoskeletal simulation

New Procedure for the Kinematic and Power Analysis of Cyclists in Indoor Training

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