BackgroundWe have reported that cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1), expressed in cardiovascular tissues, contributes to angiotensin II–induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation and development of hypertension in various experimental animal models via generation of reactive oxygen species. This study was conducted to determine the contribution of CYP1B1 to platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB–induced VSMC migration and proliferation in vitro and to neointimal growth in vivo.Methods and Results VSMCs isolated from aortas of male Cyp1b1 +/+ and Cyp1b1 −/− mice were used for in vitro experiments. Moreover, carotid arteries of Cyp1b1 +/+ and Cyp1b1 −/− mice were injured with a metal wire to assess neointimal growth after 14 days. Platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB–induced migration and proliferation and H2O2 production were found to be attenuated in VSMCs from Cyp1b1 −/− mice and in VSMCs of Cyp1b1 +/+ mice treated with 4‐hydroxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl, a superoxide dismutase and catalase mimetic. In addition, wire injury resulted in neointimal growth, as indicated by increased intimal area, intima/media ratio, and percentage area of restenosis, as well as elastin disorganization and adventitial collagen deposition in carotid arteries of Cyp1b1 +/+ mice, which were minimized in Cyp1b1 −/− mice. Wire injury also increased infiltration of inflammatory and immune cells, as indicated by expression of CD68+ macrophages and CD3+ T cells, respectively, in the injured arteries of Cyp1b1 +/+ mice, but not Cyp1b1 −/− mice. Administration of 4‐hydroxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl attenuated neointimal growth in wire‐injured carotid arteries of Cyp1b1 +/+ mice.ConclusionsThese data suggest that CYP1B1‐dependent oxidative stress contributes to the neointimal growth caused by wire injury of carotid arteries of male mice.
Background: Case reports provide a salient contribution to the field of plastic surgery through the timely dissemination of knowledge on previously underreported topics. Once a time-honored hallmark of the surgical literature, the perceived value of case reports has decreased with the ongoing prioritization of higher levels of evidence. In this study, we aimed to assess long-term trends in case report publication rates and discuss the continued merits of case reports in the modern-day landscape. Methods: A PubMed search was used to identify articles published in six prominent plastic surgery journals since 1980. Articles were separated as case reports versus all other publication types. The total number of articles published by group was tracked, and citation rates were compared across groups. Additionally, the most cited articles from each journal were identified for both groups. Results: A total of 68,444 articles were included for analysis. In 1980, there were 181 case reports published compared with 413 other articles across all six journals. In 2022, there were 188 case reports published compared with 3343 other articles. When comparing citations per year of case reports versus other article types across all journals since 1980, case reports were found to be cited significantly less frequently (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Case reports have been published and cited less frequently than other types of literature over the last 42 years. However, despite these trends, they have demonstrated significant historical contributions and provide continued value as an impactful forum for highlighting novel clinical entities.
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