Beliefs in paranormal phenomena and their relationship to locus of control were investigated for four groups that varied in terms of their involvement with paranormal practices. Subjects completed a questionnaire designed to assess degree of involvement and beliefs in paranormal phenomena, locus of control, sociopolitical attitudes, and demographic characteristics. It was predicted and found that (a) paranormal beliefs increased as involvement increased; (b) internality increased as involvement increased; and (c) involvement and locus of control interacted so that with high and moderate involvement, paranormal beliefs were associated with an internal locus of control, whereas with low involvement, there was a slight tendency for paranormal beliefs to be related to an external locus of control. Analyses of the paranormal beliefs questionnaire and the relationship between paranormal beliefs and sociopolitical attitudes, demographics, and locus of control scores are also reported. Re-evaluation of previous studies of personality dimensions associated with esoteric belief systems that have relied solely on low-involvement (student) samples is suggested.The past decade has witnessed a considerable re-emergence of popular interest and involvement in occult and paranormal phenomena (i.e., sensitivity to nonphysical, ascientific, or supernatural forces or influences). Despite the accumulating evidence that occult and paranormal beliefs are widespread (e.g., Tiryakian, 1974;Truzzi, 1971Truzzi, , 1972, few contemporary studies have investigated the content of paranormal beliefs and the characteristics of the people who subscribe to such beliefs.The early studies in this area have suggested that individuals who endorse paranormal beliefs do so because of an inadequate understanding of the causal This article is based on a dissertation submitted to Kent State University Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

Study findings are suggestive of age-related differences in adherence behaviors across both IC and medical regimens and support the use of developmentally sensitive approaches to assessment and interventions addressing adherence.

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Three experiments demonstrated that chronically administered restraint inhibits the development of DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors. The effect is exhibited in a lower proportion of positive responses, increased latency of tumor development, and lower number of tumors in positive animals when restrained animals are compared with controls. Organ weights failed to show a stress response to restraint. Molar activity data from Experiment III indicated that early in the experiment activity increased among the restrained animals on release from restraint. A fourth experiment, which employed a crystal accelerometer to assess activity, produced a similar activity pattern and also provided evidence of adrenal ascorbic acid depletion as a function of restraint.