Stimulus-action inhibition binding is stronger in GTS patients than healthy controls and affects inhibitory control corroborating the concept suggesting that GTS might be a condition of altered perception-action integration (binding); i.e. a disorder of purposeful actions.
The ability to inhibit responses is a central sensorimotor function but only recently the importance of sensory processes for motor inhibition mechanisms went more into the research focus. In this regard it is elusive, whether there are differences between sensory modalities to trigger response inhibition processes. Due to functional neuroanatomical considerations strong differences may exist, for example, between the visual and the tactile modality. In the current study we examine what neurophysiological mechanisms as well as functional neuroanatomical networks are modulated during response inhibition. Therefore, a Go/NoGo-paradigm employing a novel combination of visual, tactile, and visuotactile stimuli was used. The data show that the tactile modality is more powerful than the visual modality to trigger response inhibition processes. However, the tactile modality loses its efficacy to trigger response inhibition processes when being combined with the visual modality. This may be due to competitive mechanisms leading to a suppression of certain sensory stimuli and the response selection level. Variations in sensory modalities specifically affected conflict monitoring processes during response inhibition by modulating activity in a frontal parietal network including the right inferior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex and the temporoparietal junction. Attentional selection processes are not modulated. The results suggest that the functional neuroanatomical networks involved in response inhibition critically depends on the nature of the sensory input. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1941-1951, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gilles de la tourette Syndrome (GtS) is a developmental disorder. empirical studies and an emerging cognitive framework on GtS suggest that GtS is a disorder of abnormally strong 'perception-action binding'. Theoretical considerations imply that the effectiveness of long-established behavioral interventions might be related to a normalization of increased binding in GtS. this has not been tested yet. We examined the effect of a standardized Comprehensive Behavior Intervention for Tics (CBIT) in n = 21 adolescent GTS patients and N = 21 healthy controls on perception-action binding in an inhibitory control paradigm. Prior to CBIT, GTS patients showed compromised performance compared to controls, specifically when inhibitory control was triggered by uni-modal visual compared to bi-modal stimuli. After CBIT intervention, GTS patient's performance was at the same level as healthy controls. This is supported by a Bayesian data analysis. CBIT specifically affected inhibitory control in a condition where reconfigurations of perception-action bindings are necessary to perform inhibitory control. A power of 95% was evident for these effects. CBIT reduces increased 'binding' between perception and action in GTS and thereby increases the ability to perform response inhibition. The results are the first to provide insights as to why CBIT is effective by relating elements of this intervention to overarching cognitive theoretical frameworks on perception-action bindings.Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) is a developmental disorder with multi-faceted neuropsychiatric symptoms, as onset and highest prevalence in childhood or adolescence and is characterized by multiple motor and vocal tics 1,2 . Traditionally, GTS has been considered as a movement disorder. This is not undisputed though given that most tics can, at least partially, be controlled, are associated with premonitory sensations and might reflect motor learning and habit formation 3 . On the basis of these findings, it has recently been suggested that a hallmark of GTS is an abnormally strong interrelation of perceptual processes and motor actions, particularly between premonitory sensation including preceding urges and tics, and that GTS might be conceptualized as a disorder in which purposeful actions play an important role 3 . Indeed, several studies have reported that GTS patients make better use of multi-or bi-modal sensory stimuli for response selection 4,5 . Moreover, findings from procedural learning also suggest that GTS patients establish connections between stimuli and the corresponding response faster and more strongly 6,7 . In line with this, GTS is associated with increased habit formation tendencies 8 depending on the establishment of strong stimulus-response mappings. These findings corroborate the notion that GTS might be a disorder characterized by an abnormally strong 'binding' between perception and action, for which a cognitive framework based on the Theory of Event Coding (TEC) detailing the link between perception and action is an attractive o...
Executive functions are well-known to undergo developmental changes from childhood to adulthood. Considerable efforts have been made to elucidate the affected system neurophysiological mechanisms. But while it is well-known that developmental changes affect intra-individual variability, this potential bias has largely been neglected when investigating the neurophysiology underlying developmental differences between children and adults. We hypothesize that due to differences in intra-individual variability of neural processes between children and adults, reliable group differences will only be evident after accounting for intra-individual variability in neurophysiological processes. We, therefore, investigate response-inhibition processes as an important instance of executive control in children (between 10 and 14 years) and adults (between 20 and 29 years) and decompose EEG data on the basis of the latency and temporal variability. This was combined with source localization. Children showed more impulsive behavior than adults. Importantly, a reliable match between the neurophysiological and behavioral data could only be found when accounting for intra-individual variability in the EEG data. These decomposed data showed that children and adults use similar neurophysiological mechanisms at the response selection level to accomplish inhibitory control, but seem to engage different neuroanatomical structures to do so according to source localization results: In adults, these processes were related to the medial frontal cortex. In children, the same processes were reflected in a shift of the scalp topography and related to the superior parietal cortex. These shifts in neural networks were associated with lower effectiveness in exerting inhibitory control. However, these differences in the functional neuroanatomical architecture can only be seen when intra-individual variability is taken into account.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.