Evidence for an altered architecture and a hierarchical modulation of inhibitory control processes in ADHD

Chmielewski, Witold X.; Bluschke, Annet; Bodmer, Benjamin; Wolff, Nicole; Roessner, Veit; Beste, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100623

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…That study revealed that interference effects did not modulate response inhibition performance in ADHS patients (as opposed to healthy controls); i.e. there was an interaction of congruent and incongruent NoGo trials and group (ADHD patients vs. controls) (Chmielewski et al, 2019). Such an interaction was not evident in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It seems that processing via the automated route is diminished in OCD, which leads to a paradoxical advantage in response inhibition in OCD patients, compared to HCs. A recent study examined ADHD patients using the same experimental procedure (Chmielewski et al, 2019). That study revealed that interference effects did not modulate response inhibition performance in ADHS patients (as opposed to healthy controls); i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paradoxical response inhibition advantages in adolescent obsessive compulsive disorder result from the interplay of automatic and controlled processes

Wolff

Chmielewski

Buse

et al. 2019

NeuroImage: Clinical

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Response inhibition deficits have often been described in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Yet, research on response inhibition in OCD focusses on “top-down” controlled mechanisms, and it has been neglected that response inhibition performance depends on the interplay of controlled and automatic processes during response selection. Based on pathophysiological considerations we test the counterintuitive hypothesis that OCD patients show superior inhibitory control when automatic mechanisms govern processes involved in response inhibition. We examined a group of adolescent OCD patients (n = 27) and healthy controls (n = 27) using a combined Simon-Go/NoGo task. This task is able to examine conjoint effects of automatic and controlled processes during response inhibition. EEG and source localization analyses were applied to examine the underlying neural mechanisms. OCD patients committed fewer false alarms than healthy controls (HC) in the congruent Simon-NoGo condition, which is dominated by automatic response selection mechanisms. On a neurophysiological (EEG) level, these effects were reflected by intensified correlates of ‘braking’ processes associated with modulation of right inferior prefrontal regions. There is no general response inhibition deficit in adolescent OCD. When considering conjoint effects of automatic and controlled processes during the inhibition of responses paradoxical response inhibition advantages can emerge in OCD. This is likely a result of otherwise pathological fronto-striatal hyperactivity and loss of a situation-specific modulation of response selection mechanisms in OCD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradoxical response inhibition advantages in adolescent obsessive compulsive disorder result from the interplay of automatic and controlled processes

Wolff

Chmielewski

Buse

et al. 2019

NeuroImage: Clinical

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“…Doehnert et al (2010) and Janssen et al, (2016) focused on the source localization of the P3 alteration related to target stimuli during CPT and the oddball task, respectively, in ADHD compared to TDC. Chmielewski et al (2018Chmielewski et al ( , 2019 investigated source localization related to the modulation of inhibition processes in the Go/Nogo task. Khoshnoud et al (Khoshnoud et al, 2018) investigated ERP and ERSP independent component clusters during the encoding and reproduction phases of the time reproduction task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More specifically, we previously assumed that cortical areas related to executive processing were more strongly recruited during the cue-evoked processing in ADHD children than TDC. To our knowledge, few studies have previously evaluated the event-related EEG sources in children with ADHD (Bluschke, Gohil et al, 2018;Bluschke, Schuster et al, 2018;Burwell et al, 2019;Chmielewski et al, 2018Chmielewski et al, , 2019Doehnert et al, 2010;Janssen et al, 2016;Khoshnoud et al, 2018;Leroy et al, 2018), and none of them have specifically focused on the time decomposition during early visual cue processing. Based on our previous work showing the alteration of the P100-N200 components and beta/gamma oscillations (Baijot et al, 2017), we conducted a new exploratory study in order to investigate the source localization of the ERP and the event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) over time in ADHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural generators involved in visual cue processing in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Zarka

Leroy

Cebolla

et al. 2020

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Event-related potentials (ERP) studies report alterations in the ongoing visuo-attentional processes in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We hypothesized that the neural generators progressively recruited after a cue stimulus imply executive-related areas well before engagement in executive processing in children with ADHD compared to typically developed children (TDC). We computed source localization (swLORETA) of the ERP and ERSP evoked by the Cue stimulus during a visual Cue-Go/Nogo paradigm in 15 ADHD compared to 16 TDC. A significant difference in N200/P200 amplitude over the right centro-frontal regions was observed between ADHD and TDC, supported by a stronger contribution of the left visuo-motor coordination area, premotor cortex, and prefrontal cortex in ADHD. In addition, we recorded a greater beta power spectrum in ADHD during the 80-230 ms interval, which was explained by increased activity in occipito-parietocentral areas and lower activity in the left supramarginal gyrus and prefrontal areas in ADHD. Successive analysis of the ERP generators (0-500 ms with successive periods of 50 ms) revealed significant differences beginning at 50 ms, with higher activity in the ventral anterior cingulate cortex, premotor cortex, and fusiform gyrus, and ending at 400-500 ms with higher activity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and lower activity of the posterior cingulate cortex in ADHD compared to TDC. The areas contributing to ERP in ADHD and TDC differ from the early steps of visuo-attentional processing and reveal an overinvestment of the executive networks interfering with the activity of the dorsal attention network in children with ADHD.

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“…All of this already shows that it is necessary to gain more detailed insights into the neurophysiological subprocesses and coding levels underlying different facets of cognitive control in ADHD and to go beyond the commonly examined EEG-parameters for this. This is further underlined by findings showing that there are qualitative differences in how information during cognitive control demands is processed [18,19]. This is particularly important regarding conflict monitoring processes in ADHD, where the evidence is inconsistent [20][21][22][23][24][25] and some evidence suggests that there are no overt changes in conflict-related behavioural adaptations in ADHD [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intact Stimulus–Response Conflict Processing in ADHD—Multilevel Evidence and Theoretical Implications

Bluschke

Mückschel

Roessner

et al. 2020

JCM

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Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is closely associated with deficits in cognitive control. It seems, however, that the degree of deficits strongly depends on the examined subprocess, with the resolution of stimulus–stimulus conflicts being particularly difficult for patients with ADHD. The picture is far less clear regarding stimulus–response conflicts. The current study provides multi-level behavioural and neurophysiological data on this type of conflict monitoring in children with ADHD compared to healthy controls. To account for the potentially strong effects of intra-individual variability, electroencephalogram (EEG) signal decomposition methods were used to analyze the data. Crucially, none of the analyses (behavioural, event-related potentials, or decomposed EEG data) show any differences between the ADHD group and the control group. Bayes statistical analysis confirmed the high likelihood of the null hypothesis being true in all cases. Thus, the data provide multi-level evidence showing that conflict monitoring processes are indeed partly intact in ADHD, even when eliminating possible biasing factors such as intra-individual variability. While stimulus–stimulus conflict processing has been shown to be consistently dysfunctional in ADHD, the resolution of stimulus–response conflicts is not deficient in this patient group. In comparison to other studies, the results provide novel theoretical insights into the nature of conflict control deficits in childhood ADHD.

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Evidence for an altered architecture and a hierarchical modulation of inhibitory control processes in ADHD

Cited by 27 publications

References 71 publications

Paradoxical response inhibition advantages in adolescent obsessive compulsive disorder result from the interplay of automatic and controlled processes

Paradoxical response inhibition advantages in adolescent obsessive compulsive disorder result from the interplay of automatic and controlled processes

Neural generators involved in visual cue processing in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Intact Stimulus–Response Conflict Processing in ADHD—Multilevel Evidence and Theoretical Implications

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