Comprehensive statistical characterizations of the dynamic narrowband on-body area and on-body to off-body area channels are presented. These characterizations are based on real-time measurements of the time domain channel response at carrier frequencies near the 900-and 2,400-MHz industrial, scientific, and medical bands and at a carrier frequency near the 402-MHz medical implant communications band. We consider varying amounts of body movement, numerous transmit-receive pair locations on the human body, and various bandwidths. We also consider long periods, i.e., hours of everyday activity (predominantly Parts of this work appeared in [1-7].indoor scenarios), for on-body channel characterization. Various adult human test subjects are used. It is shown, by applying the Akaike information criterion, that the Weibull and Gamma distributions generally fit agglomerates of received signal amplitude data and that in various individual cases the Lognormal distribution provides a good fit. We also characterize fade duration and fade depth with direct matching to second-order temporal statistics. These first-and second-order characterizations have important utility in the design and evaluation of body area communications systems.
A statistical characterization of the narrowband dynamic human on-body area channel, with application to biomedical/health information monitoring, is presented based on measured received signal amplitude. We consider varying amounts of body movement, and a variety of transmit-receive pair (Tx-Rx) locations on the human body. The characterization is presented for two different frequencies, near the 900 MHz and 2400 MHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) bands. Common distributions used to describe fading statistics are compared to the received signal component for nine different Tx-Rx pair locations for the subject's body standing, walking and running. The Lognormal distribution provides a good fitting model, particularly when the subject's body is moving. The fit is independent of Tx-Rx pair locations. The Rayleigh distribution is a very poor fit to the received signal amplitude statistics.
A characterization of the dynamic narrowband onbody to off-body area channel is presented based on realtime measurements of the time domain channel response at carrier frequencies near the 900MHz and 2400MHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) bands. A statistical characterization is presented of received signal amplitude when the subject's body is standing and walking, transmitted from the body to a receiver, Rx, off the body, with various orientations of the subject's body with respect to the receiver, and various distances from the receiver. Two locations of the transmitter, Tx, on the human body are considered. The Lognormal distribution provides a good fitting model with and without movement. Further, the stability is characterized based on a measure of channel response variance, which is called here the channel variation factor and can characterize the channel coherence time. The on-body to off-body area channel is determined to be generally stable over a period of 25ms, but the amount of stability is found to be dependent both on movement, Tx location on-body, and carrier frequency.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations鈥揷itations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.