The development of biofuel in Indonesia is rife to reduce the consumption of fuel oil. Bioethanol has advantages compared to fuel oil, such as lower carbon monoxide emissions making it environmentally friendly. Besides that, from being used as a fuel, bioethanol is used as raw material for alcohol, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics derivatives. Biomass is one of the bioethanol’s raw materials available in Indonesia, one of which is tobacco stem. In this research, the tobacco stem hydrolysis process carried out using the ultrasonic-assisted hydrolysis method. The variable of the hydrolysis process is H2SO4 solution, particle size, and time. The data analysis used Design Expert with a Central Composite Design method. The purpose of this research was to determine the optimum of particle size, H2SO4 concentration, and the time in the hydrolysis process of tobacco stems with the ultrasonic-assisted hydrolysis method. The optimum resulting in reducing sugar of ultrasonic-assisted hydrolysis is 6.921 µg/µL.
Biobutanol is well-known as a suitable substitute for gasoline which can be applied without enginemodification. Butanol toxicity to the producer strain causes difficulties to grow strain with more than 4 g/L dry cellweight and to produce butanol more than 20 g/L. Fermentation with high initial cell density was reported to enhancebutanol productivity. In addition, oleyl alcohol has been recognized to perform effective extraction for butanol because ofits selectivity and biocompatibility so that reducing toxicity effect. Butanol fermentation with high cell density and largeextractant volume has not been reported and is expected to improve butanol production in minimum medium volume.Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4, C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 (8052), and C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824(824) were used in this study. Three kinds of media, TYA, TY, and TY-CaCO3, were used to investigate in conventionalextractive fermentation. Then, in situ extractive fermentations with Ve/Vb ratios at 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 10 were operated.Total butanol concentration was defined as the broth based total butanol, that is total amounts of butanol produced inbroth and extractant per the volume of broth. TYA medium resulted the highest total butanol concentrations by N1-4 (12g/L), 8052 (11 g/L), and 824 (15 g/L) and the highest partition coefficient (3.7) among the three media with Ve/Vb ratiosat 0.5. N1-4 yielded the highest increment of total butanol production (22 g/L) in the extractive fermentation with highcell density. Low butanol concentration of 0.8 g/L butanol in broth was maintained with the extractant to broth volumeratio (Ve/Vb), which was much lower than 4.4 g/L with the ratio of 0.5. Ve/Vb ratio of 10 provided 2-fold higher totalbutanol concentration (28 g/L) than that 11 g/L obtained with Ve/Vb ratio of 0.5. These results indicated that largervolume of extractant to broth improved total butanol concentration by reducing butanol toxicity and led to high mediumbasedbutanol yield in fermentation using high cell density.
Bioethanol can be used for biosolvents and antiseptics material in the pharmaceutical industry. With the abundance of tobacco production in Jember, East Java, Indonesia, tobacco stalks become a promising biomass raw material for bioethanol. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of temperature on the pretreatment process of bioethanol production. Settings and Design of this study using Conventional pretreatment with batch system. The materials used in this study include industrial tobacco waste, HCl, H2SO4, aquadest, filter paper, and aluminum foil. The pretreatment method used is chemical methods. The effect of pretreatment temperature was analyzed on the pretreatment process for the optimization of bioethanol production. Statistical analysis used a percentage frequency distribution. The test results of cellulose with H2SO4 solvents are 6.99 % at temperature 100 °C, 6.60 % at temperature 120 °C, and 4.47 % at temperature 140 °C. The test results of cellulose with HCl solvents are 6.00 % at temperature 100 °C, 6.23 % at temperature 120 °C, and 5.66 % at temperature 140 °C. Conclusions of this study, the optimum temperature in the pretreatment process with H2SO4 for the temperature range 100 °C to 140 °C is 100 °C, with the cellulose content produced as much as 6.99 %. The optimum temperature in the pretreatment process with HCl for the temperature range 100 °C to 140 °C is 120 °C, with the cellulose content produced as much as 6.23 %.
Jember memiliki komoditas tembakau yang cukup melimpah, salah satu daerah penghasil tembakau adalah di kawasan Wuluhan. Program Pengabdian Masyarakat Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Jember dengan mitra yaitu Kelompok Tani Karunia Tembakau yang terletak di Desa Tamansari, bertujuan untuk mengatasi permasalahan mitra. Bagian tembakau yang laku dijual para petani adalah daun tembakau, sedangkan batang tembakau tidak dimanfaatkan dan menumpuk menjadi limbah. Upaya mengurangi limbah batang tembakau dan menambah nilai guna dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan batang tembakau menjadi pewarna alami batik. Penggunaan pewarna alami pada kain batik juga berkontribusi dalam mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh penggunaan pewarna sintetis pada industri batik. Pewarna alami dari batang tembakau dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pengrajin batik yang ada di wilayah Jember dan sekitarnya. Pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pengolahan batang tembakau menjadi pewarna alami batik diharapkan mampu meningkatkan ekonomi Kelompok Tani Karunia Tembakau di Desa Tamansari. Penyelesaian masalah dari mitra dilakukan dalam skema pengabdian masyarakat dengan tahapan pemberian sosialisasi tentang pengelolaan dan pengolahan limbah batang tembakau menjadi pewarna alami batik, menginisiasi dan memberikan bantuan kepada masyarakat contoh satu set alat produksi pewarna alami dalam skala rumah tangga, pemberian sosialisasi terkait proses pengemasan dan pemasaran produk, serta menginisiasi proses pemasaran produk dengan mengundang distributor dan konsumen potensial. Hasil dari program pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah diharapkan Kelompok Tani Karunia Tembakau Desa Tamansari mampu mengolah limbah batang tembakau menjadi pewarna alami batik secara mandiri dan kontinyu.
Kata kunci: Batang tembakau, Pewarna alami batik, Desa Tamansari
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