The aim of the work is to develop a methodology and technique for modeling reinforced soil for further use and application in hydraulic facilities to ensure their stable operation. The objectives of the study are to substantiate the efficiency of using dams of large canals made of reinforced soil at hydraulic structures of pumping stations of the Republic of Uzbekistan, taking into account local conditions, developing recommendations for the rational design of retaining walls and dams from reinforced soil. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the problems of coordinating the operating modes of the pumping station with the introduction of retaining walls and dams from reinforced soil on full-scale structures. The article discusses the implementation of the method of building them in the management of water distribution on irrigation systems in Bukhara and Kashkadarya regions. The theoretical foundations of modeling and design of test stands for the study of volumetric models of dams of large channels made of reinforced soil have been developed. Studies on volumetric models of dams made of reinforced soil were carried out in compliance with the criteria of approximate similarity, which made it possible to obtain new physical ideas about the operation of structures at the stage of destruction. The conducted studies of the models of the built-up part of the dams made it possible to estimate the bearing capacity by the value of the breaking load of the reinforced model to the value of the breaking load of the unreinforced (reference) model. The presence of reinforcement in the soil increases the bearing capacity of the model in comparison with the unreinforced one: even with the volume percentage of reinforcement μ = 0.064%, the hardening coefficient is equal to Chard = 2.60; with μ = 0.032% Chard = 1.70-2.07. With the same percentage of reinforcement μ = 0.032%, an increase in the vertical spacing of the reinforcement leads to a decrease in the bearing capacity by 12-15%. A more even arrangement of reinforcing elements in the ground (close vertical and horizontal spacing between them Sh ≈ Sv ) ensures the maximum bearing capacity of a reinforced soil structure.
The main problem in the operation of irrigation systems is to ensure the accuracy and reliability of measuring the main hydrometric parameters in managing water resources of irrigation facilities. When operating systems with pumping stations, it becomes necessary to measure a set of technological parameters, which can be divided into the following groups by type: hydraulic parameters (flow rate, fluid pressure, water flow in the channel), parameters of pumping units, linear-angular parameters (channel section length, channel width, gate movement, mixed parameters (clear area, flow depth, wetted perimeter length). Analysis of existing methods and instruments for measuring water flow for the rational use of water resources is used in all areas the volume of water taken from the water intake and supplied to the irrigation network. This task contributes to operational and control of pumping station parameters without hydrometric instruments at the stations themselves. The problem of organizing automated technological accounting of irrigation water at graduated hydraulic structures equipped with gates and operating in a flooded or backwater-variable mode is solved by new hydrometric methods with the integrated use of ultrasonic, acoustic, or float level gauges as part of modern microprocessor devices that convert water level readings at such structures into flow and runoff readings, according to the calibration characteristic each specific building. The article presents the recommended water metering devices for different hydraulic flow regimes and water quality. To speed up the process of measuring water flow in canals with flow rates of 1-10 m3 / s and large facilities of pumping stations with flow rates of 10-200 m3 / s, types of standard weirs, flumes of various profiles, and water measuring nozzles are recommended. According to the working formulas, changes in water flow are determined, taking into account the error of the gauging station and the indicated weirs.
The purpose of the research is to substantiate an effective technology for the use of reinforced soil in hydraulic engineering facilities. The main task is to develop calculation methods and compare them with the results of model studies. The article uses methods of physical modeling of structures made of reinforced soil. It develops the theoretical foundations of modeling by introducing the obtained data on full-scale structures. The values of the dimensionless coefficients and the corresponding hydraulic gradients for various times are given in the tabular form, which is convenient for calculating operational parameters. To clarify the change in the boundary of the filtration flow over time, experiments were carried out in a slotted tray. The article graphically depicts the results of theoretical studies and experiments; the discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental curves for changing the boundary of the filtration flow over time is no more than 4%.
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