Ektaphelenchoides maafiae n. sp. was isolated during a survey of nematodes associated with bark samples of an oak tree (Quercus castaneifolia) in Gorgan, Golestan Province, northern Iran. The new species has a body length of 480–546 μm (in females) and 431–480 μm (in males). The cuticle is weakly annulated, with three lateral lines. Lip region offset. The stylet is 13–15 μm long without basal swellings. The excretory pore is located at the level of the metacorpus base to slightly posterior, and hemizonid is at 15–17 μm posterior to the excretory pore. The post‐uterine sac is short, 6–8 μm long. Spicules having rounded condylus, rostrum short, conical with bluntly pointed tip, a cucullus (apophysis) presented on the dorsal distal end. Male tail bearing four (2 + 2) caudal papillae, conical, with sharply pointed terminus. The new species is close to four known species of the genus, including E. hunti, E. ruehmi, E. caspiensis and E. poinari, but differs from them by body size, shape of tail terminus, stylet length, shape and size of spicules, length of post‐vulval uterine sac and number of caudal papillae. Phylogenetic analysis based on small subunit (SSU) and partial large subunit (LSU) sequences of rDNA confirmed its status as a new species.
Aphelenchoidesiranicusn. sp. is described and illustrated from bark samples of an oak tree (Quercussp.) in West Azerbaijan province, north-western Iran. The new species is characterised by body length of 350 (330-383) μm in females and 343 (323-370) μm in males, lip region set off from body contour, lateral fields with three lines, stylet 8 (7-9) μm long with small basal swellings, excretory pore 59 (56-62) μm from anterior end, hemizonid invisible, pharyngeal glands overlapping intestine dorsally and extending for 48 (41-54) μm, female tail subcylindrical with many tiny finger-like appendages at the tip, and male with aphelenchoid type spicules 17.6 (17-18) μm long. The new species comes close to nine known species of the genus namely:A. brevicaudatus,A. cibolensis,A. conimucronatus,A. editocaputis,A. montanus,A. pusillus,A. rarus,A. sphaerocephalusandA. vaughani, but differs from them by the number of incisures in the lateral field, shape of tail mucron, stylet length, size of spicules and length of post-vulval uterine sac. Additionally, this species is characterised molecularly and phylogenetically by sequences of the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S and partial 18S rRNA genes that are unique in relation to the sequences deposited in GenBank.
A new species of Paurodontoides, P. siddiqii n. sp., is described and illustrated based on its morphological, morphometric, and molecular characters. The new species is characterized by a female 550–729 μm long, lip region continuous with body contour, stylet length 7.0–8.0 μm long or c. 1.0–1.2 times the lip region diameter, lateral fields with four smooth incisures, excretory pore at 85–125 μm from anterior end located at the base of the pharyngeal bulb or posterior to it, basal pharyngeal bulb with a short posterior extension projecting into the intestine, monodelphic–prodelphic reproductive system with prominent 19–22 μm long post-uterine sac, and elongate conoid tail with a filiform terminus. The new species is compared with two known species of the genus. It differs from the type species of the genus, P. linfordi, by having slightly shorter stylet, lateral field with smooth incisures, different position of the excretory pore, and absence of male. Compared to P. latus, the new species has a shorter body, shorter stylet, different position of the excretory pore, female tail shape and absence of male. The new species was also compared with close species of the genus Paurodontus because of lateral field marked with four lines, asymmetrical stylet knobs and absence of male. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the new species using partial sequences of 18S rDNA revealed that it forms a clade with a species of the genus Ficotylus. In phylogenetic analyses using partial sequences of the 28S rDNA D2-D3 domain, the new species formed a monophyletic group with a species of the genus Veleshkinema and Sphaerularia spp. (Sphaerulariinae).
SummaryEktaphelenchus cupressi n. sp. was isolated during a survey of nematodes associated with bark samples of a dead cypress tree (Cupressus sempervirens) in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. The new species is characterised by a female body length of 612 (520-693) μm, stylet 17-19 μm long with wide lumen and lacking basal swellings, head region hemispherical in lateral view and slightly offset from the body contour by a shallow constriction, three incisures in the lateral field, excretory pore situated anterior to level of metacorpus valve, hemizonid not seen, post-uterine sac 29-35 μm long, shape of the tail terminus, and arrangement of the male caudal papillae. By a combination of morphological characters, e.g., stylet without knobs or swellings at the base, short conical tail, PUS length, and only a vestigial anus and rectum in most individuals, the new species shares similarities with species belonging to three genera, i.e., Anomyctus, Ektaphelenchus, and Seinura. Phylogenetic analysis based on small subunit (SSU) and partial large subunit (LSU) sequences of rDNA confirmed its status as a new species.
Rotylenchus sardashtensis n. sp., a new monosexual species is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular studies. Rotylenchus sardashtensis n. sp. appears close morphologically and molecularly to eight known species of the genus, i.e. R. buxophilus Golden, 1956, R. eximius Siddiqi, 1964, R. breviglans Sher, 1965, R. cypriensis Antoniou, 1980, R. pakistanensis Maqbool & Shahina, 1986, R. vitis Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, Liébanas, Archidona-Yuste, Palomares-Rius & Castillo, 2012, R. paravitis Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, Navas-Cortés, Liébanas, Vovlas, Subbotin, Palomares-Rius & Castillo, 2013 and R. dalikhaniensis Aliramaji, Pourjam, Álvarez-Ortega, Pedram & Atighi, 2015 from which the morphological differences are discussed. The new species is characterised mainly in having a hemispherical and well set off lip region with 3-4 annuli under light microscopy and irregular cob-like appearance under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a stylet 26-30 µm long, a vulva located at 61-77% of body length with double epiptygma, rounded tail with 2-4 annuli and ventral mucron at its tip. Morphologically, R. sardashtensis n. sp. could be distinguished from all similar species within the genus by its matrix code as follows: A3, B1, C1, D4, E1, F2, G2, H5, I2, J2, K1. Rotylenchus cypriensis collected from the rhizosphere of Prunus sp. in Gilangharb region is characterised with its morphological and molecular data. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the D2-D3 expansion region of the 28S rRNA gene and the ITS1 fragment revealed the relationships of both species examined in present study and other species of the genus Rotylenchus Filipjev, 1936 and the family Hoplolaimidae Filipjev, 1934 included in analyses.
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