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Self-efficacy is regarded as a significant factor in self-concept, motivational theories, and healthrelated behaviors, and can seriously influence one's level of performance. The current article seeks to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) among substance abusers. Methods: The research method is descriptive and adopts a validation approach. 261 individuals (47 females and 214 males) were selected among the substance abusers who referred to Kermanshah Farabi Therapeutic Educational Center in 2017 in an accessible procedure, and the subjects completed the GSE Scale and AWARE (Advanced WArning of RElapse) Questionnaire-Revised Form. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, correlation coefficient, and divergent validity were used for data analysis. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the GSE score of the addicts was 25.79 ± 8.54. The findings corroborated the single-factor structure of the GSE Scale among substance abusers. This factor explained 0.67% of the total variance of the GSE Scale. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained to be 0.94. The results showed that the correlation between the GSE Scale and AWARE Questionnaire was −0.51, and was significant at p < 0.01. Conclusion: Given that the results showed that the GSE Scale has sufficient validity and reliability among substance abusers, it seems that this tool can be used to screen GSE screening among addicts.

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Substance abuse affects the quality of sleep and various factors can be effective as mediators of sleep quality. Therefore, the current study carried out in order to predict quality of sleep based on emotion regulation and resiliency among men with substance-related disorders (SRDs). Methods: the current study was a descriptive correlative study. The statistical population includes men with SRDs referred to maintenance treatment center (MMT) in Kermanshah City, among which 400 participants were selected based on convenient sampling. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and the diagnostic analysis model. Results: the results of the study show that there was a significant relationship between increase in age and education level and the quality of sleep in men with SRDs (< P 0.05). However, the relationship between the duration of substance abuse and quality of sleep was not significant (> P 0.05). There was a significant relationship between emotion regulation strategies including rumination, self-blame and other-blame, catastrophizing, and acceptance and quality of sleep in men with SRDs, and the difference regarding emotion regulation and resilience between people with and without good quality of sleep was also significant (< P 0.05). Moreover, the results indicate that there is a significant relationship between resilience and the component of spirituality and the quality of sleep in men with SRDs. Finally, the two predicting variables of emotion regulation and resiliency were able to explain 69% of the variance in quality of sleep. Conclusions: using negative and non-adaptive emotion regulation strategies and low resiliency can reduce the quality of sleep among men with SRDs.