Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are common problems in diabetes. One of the most important factors affecting the quality of diabetes care is knowledge and practice. The current study aimed at determining the knowledge and practice of patients with diabetes regarding the prevention and care of DFUs. Methods: The current analytical, cross sectional study was conducted in Guilan Province (north of Iran) on 375 patients registered in the medical records as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Demographic characteristics, knowledge, and practice of participants were recorded in a questionnaire during face-to-face interviews conducted by the researcher. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using SPSS version18. Results: The mean score of knowledge was 8.63 ± 2.5 out of 15, indicating that the majority of participants had a poor knowledge (84.8%). The mean practice score was 7.6 ± 2.5 out of 15, indicating that a half of them had poor performance (49.6%). There was a significant and direct correlation between knowledge and practice. Knowledge level, place of residence, marital status, and history of admission due to diabetic foot were predictors of practice score. Conclusions: According to the low level of knowledge and practice in patients with diabetes regarding the prevention and care of DFUs, and considering the significant relationship of some demographics of patients with knowledge and practice scores, a targeted educational program is needed to promote knowledge of patients with diabetes.
Objective This study was performed in Razi Hospital, Rasht, Iran, between March 2016 and August 2018 on a population of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients (56 as COPD exacerbation group and 56 as COPD stable group). Study variables include age, sex, occupation, body mass index (BMI), cigarette consumption, duration of COPD, annual hospitalization, dyspnea, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), FEV1, and FEV1/FVC indices. Result The mean age of the participants was 63.92 ± 10.75 years. There was a significant difference in the hospitalization between the patients with both exacerbation and normal state of COPD (P ≤ 0.001). HbA1c in the patients with exacerbation of COPD was significantly higher than stable status (P = 0.001). Logistic regression showed that HbA1c levels and hospitalization were predictors of exacerbation of COPD. HbA1c levels were statistically significant in terms of hospitalization in patients with COPD exacerbation. There was a significant difference between the HbA1c levels and MMRC in patients with COPD. The percentage of HbA1c was associated with exacerbation of COPD and HbA1c is a good predictor of disease severity in patients with COPD. It also shows that patients with COPD exacerbation and severe COPD are at the higher risk of hyperglycemia.
Objective: Uncertainties exist regarding the causal relationship between thyroid function tests (TFT) within the euthyroid range and anthropometric measures. This longitudinal cohort is aimed to examine the relationship between the two conditions. Subjects and methods: Euthyroid participants of Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS) attending phase I (1999-2001) were included in this study and were followed up to phase IV (2008IV ( -2011. TSH and free T 4 (fT 4 ) levels as well as weight (Wt), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were measured at both phases. Results: 971 women and 784 men were included in the analysis. During 9.7 years of follow-up, increases in TSH levels, Wt and WHR as well as a decrease in fT 4 level were observed. Multivariable regression analysis showed a significant relationship between TSH changes and alterations in WC in women (β = 0.69, P = 0.021) and men (β = 0.61, P = 0.038). Moreover, a significant negative association of ΔfT 4 with changes in weight was documented (β = −0.49, P = 0.001 in women and β = −0.56, P < 0.001 in men). Additionally, we found a negative relationship between ΔfT 4 and ΔHC in men (β = −0.36, P = 0.001). Conclusion: In both genders, there was a positive relationship between changes in TSH and waist circumference and conversely a negative association of changes of fT 4 levels with weight over time.
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