Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/g-C3N4/Chitosan thin film membranes were prepared for removal of Direct Blue 14 dye (an anionic dye) from aqueous solutions. PVDF/g-C3N4/Chitosan membranes were prepared by immersing of PVDF/g-C3N4 membrane in solution containing various concentrations of chitosan. The resulting membranes were characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM and AFM. Also, pure water flux, salt rejection, water content, antifouling properties of prepared membranes were investigated. The resulting demonstrate that pure water flux was decreased by increasing of chitosan concentration, while water content, antifouling properties and salt rejection were increased. It is found that chitosan has major impact on the membrane structural properties due to transform of the PVDF membrane into hydrophilic ones. It is reported that maximum 93% rejection of Direct Blue 14 was obtained by PVDF/g-C3N4/Chitosan membrane. Compared to the PVDF/g-C3N4 membrane, the experimental results showed that PVDF/g-C3N4/Chitosan membranes demonstrated high potential mainly due to greater hydrophilicity and further minimizing membrane fouling.
Hydroxy groups were generated on a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surface using different methods. Attempts were made to prepare a homogeneous film on the PDMS surface and eliminate microwrinkles from the surface. Because the hydroxylation process changes the chemical composition of the PDMS surface, resulting in a cracked surface, selecting the best method for surface treatment with minimized surface microwrinkles and cracks was attempted. The results obtained from scanning electron microscopy showed that using the pulsed ultraviolet-ozone (UVO) radiation method with a controlled duration time, ozone treatment, continuous UVO treatment using a glass filter, and water media in UVO treatment was more effective than other methods evaluated in this study to prevent microwrinkles. The results obtained from contact angle measurements and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the UVO treatment in the presence of a water medium created more hydroxy groups compared with other methods.
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