Background: Colorectal cancers, including colon, rectum and anus, are relatively prevalent in Iran. Use of opium and its derivatives is also considerably prevalent in some areas in Iran. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the association between use of opium and its derivatives, and incidence of lower gastrointestinal (LGI) cancers. Methods: This study was a matched case-control study in Shiraz (south of Iran). Cases were the new colorectal cancers from cancer registry center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and controls were selected from healthy volunteers of cases' neighbors matched for age and gender (2 controls per 1 case). Data related to consumption of opium and its derivatives, smoking, alcohol use and diet status were collected through a structured questionnaire. The conditional logistic regression models were used to assess all associations. Results: 160 cases and 320 controls participated in the present study with non-response rate less than 9 %. Opium use was associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer (adjusted OR = 4.4; 95% CI: 2.2 -8.8). Also, a dose-response association was observed between cumulative consumption of opium and the colorectal cancer incidence (OR = 3.8; 95% CI: 1.5 -9.1), and (OR = 4.6; 95% CI: 1.7 -12.0) for low and high use, respectively. Also, the significant dose-response association was observed for low (OR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.2 -9.2) and high (OR = 7.7; 95% CI: 1.5 -38.6) opium use with presence of colon cancer. Conclusions:The results of this study showed that opium use can be an important risk factor for colorectal cancer in Iran.

Background:Accurate cancer registry and awareness of cancer incidence rate is essential in order to define strategies for cancer prevention and control programs. Capture-recapture methods have been recommended for reducing bias and increase the accuracy of cancer incidence estimation.Objectives:This study aimed to estimate the esophagus cancer incidence by capture-recapture method based on Ardabil population-based cancer registry data.Patients and Methods:Total new cases of esophagus cancer reported by three sources of pathology reports, medical records, and death certificates to Ardabil province cancer registry center in 2006 and 2008 were enrolled in the study. All duplicated cases between three sources were identified and removed using Excel software. Some characteristics such as name, surname, father’s name, date of birth and ICD codes related to their cancer type were used for data linkage and finding the common cases among three sources. The incidence rate per 100,000 was estimated based on capture-recapture method using the log-linear models. We used BIC, G2 and AIC statistics to select the best-fit model.Results:After removing duplicates, total 471 new cases of esophagus cancer were reported from three sources. The model with linkage between pathology reports, medical record sources and independence with the death certificates source was the best fitted model. The reported incidence rate for the years 2006 and 2008 was 18.77 and 18.51 per 100,000, respectively. In log-linear analysis, the estimated incidence rate for the years 2006 and 2008 was 49.71 and 53.87 per 100,000 populations, respectively.Conclusions:Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that none of the sources of pathology reports, death certificates and medical records individually or collectively were fully covered the incidence cases of esophagus cancer and need to apply some changes in data abstracting and case finding.

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Background: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are an important public health problem around the world, with the majority of RTIs occurring in low-and middle-income countries. This study aimed to determine disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of RTIs in the northeast of Iran. Methods:In this cross-sectional study, we used the death registration system to calculate years of life lost (YLL) due to RTIs. To determine the years lost due to disability (YLD), hospital records of all people injured in road accidents were used. To estimate DALY, we used YLD and YLL to calculate DALY according to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2003 guideline and the age/sex composition of the population was taken from the Statistical Centre of Iran (SCI) in 2016. All collected data entered into Excel software and performed calculations.Results: Our findings showed that a total of 3403 RTIs and 132 deaths were recorded in 2016.The DALY was 38 per 1,000 of which 26.9 per 1,000 were related to YLL and 11.1 per 1,000 were related to YLD. The highest YLL rate in both sexes was in the 15-29 and 30-44 age groups with 49.8 per 1,000 and 46.0 per 1,000, respectively. This reflects a sex ratio of DALY in males (57.7 per 1,000) to females (8.6 per 1,000) was 6.7.Conclusions: It seems to be necessary, appropriate effective intervention programs and periodic evaluations are required regarding prevention and reducing traffic accidents mostly in middle-aged men.

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