Opium Use and Risk of Lower Gastrointestinal Cancers: Population-Based Case-Control Study in South of Iran

Feyzabadi

et al. 2020

Preprint

Background: In recent years, lung cancer (LC) incidence has increased in Iran. The use of opium and its derivatives (O&D) has increased as well. This study aimed to investigate the association between the use of O&D and LC incidence.Methods: In this case-control study conducted in Kerman, Iran; 140 patients with lung cancer and 280 healthy controls matched by age, sex, and place of residence were included. Data, including O&D use, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and diet, were collected using a structured questionnaire. The relation between the use of O&D and LC was evaluated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for tobacco smoking, education, daily intake of fruit, vegetables, red meat, and hydrogenated fats.Results: Opium ever-use was associated with an increased risk of LC (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =5.95, 95 % CI: 1.87 -18.92). Participants were divided into low and high use groups based on the median of opium use in the control group. A significant dose-response relation was observed between the amount of daily O&D use and LC; and the relation was stronger in high users (AOR low users = 3.81 % CI: 1.13 -12.77 and OR high users= 9.36, 95% CI: 2.05 -42.72). Also, LC was higher among participants starting the use of O&D at younger ages (≤ 41 years old vs never users AOR = 8.64, 95 % CI: 1.90 -39.18) compared to those who started at an older age ( >41 years old vs never users, AOR = 4.71, 95 % CI: 1.38 - 16.08). The association between opium, and lung cancer among non-smokers was OR: 6.50 (95% CI: 2.89 to 14.64).Conclusion: The results of this study show that opium use is probably a dose related risk factor for lung cancer.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Opium Use Associated with an Increased Risk of Lung Cancer? A Case-Control Study

Tahami

Feyzabadi

et al. 2020

Preprint

“…The first part of the questionnaire consisted of demographic information including gender, age, education, and marital status; and the second part asked about the use of O&D, alcohol, cigarette smoking, and diet. The validity and reliability of this questionnaire had been approved in a previous study (15) and this questionnaire was used in similar studies (15,17,18).…”

Section: Tools and Methods Of Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have shown that opium and its derivatives (O&D) are a risk factor for many malignant diseases, including lung (14), gastric (15), esophageal (16), colorectal (17,18), pancreatic (19), bladder (20) and laryngeal cancer (21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Opium Use Associated with an Increased Risk of Lung Cancer? A Case-Control Study

Naghibzadeh‐Tahami

Yazdi‐Feyzabadi

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

Background: In recent years, lung cancer (LC) incidence has increased in Iran. The use of opium and its derivatives (O&D) has increased as well. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the use of O&D and LC incidence. Methods: In this case-control study conducted in Kerman, Iran; 140 patients with lung cancer and 284 healthy controls matched by age, sex, and place of residence were included. Data including O&D use, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and diet were collected using a structured questionnaire. The relation between the use of O&D and LC was evaluated using conditional logistic regression test. Results: The use of opium was associated with an increased risk of LC (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 7.95, 95% CI: 3.78 -16.73). A significant dose-response relation between the use of opium and its derivatives was observed (low use AOR = 7.47, 95% CI: 2.33-23.98 and high use AOR = 11.57, 95% CI: 2.25-59.49). Also, there was a relation between starting to use O&D at lower ages and an increased risk of LC (AOR = 5.78, 95 % CI: 2.36 - 14.14). Conclusion: The results of this study support that opium use could be considered as a strong risk factor for LC. Thus, it is highly suggested that tailored policies to be applied in order to reduce use of opium.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Opium Use Associated with an Increased Risk of Lung Cancer? A Case-Control Study

Tahami

Feyzabadi

et al. 2020

Preprint

Background: In recent years, lung cancer (LC) incidence has increased in Iran. The use of opium and its derivatives (O&D) has increased as well. This study aimed to investigate the association between the use of O&D and LC incidence.Methods: In this case-control study conducted in Kerman, Iran; 140 patients with lung cancer and 280 healthy controls matched by age, sex, and place of residence were included. Data, including O&D use, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and diet, were collected using a structured questionnaire. The relation between the use of O&D and LC was evaluated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for daily intake of fruit, vegetables, red meat, and hydrogenated fats.Results: Opium ever-use was associated with an increased risk of LC (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 7.95, 95% CI: 3.78 -16.73). Participants were divided into low and high use groups based on the median of opium use in the control group, which was 87.5 grams-years. A significant dose-response relation was observed between the use of O&D; and the relation was stronger in high users (AOR low users = 7.47, 95% CI: 2.33-23.98 and AOR high users= 11.57, 95% CI: 2.25-59.49). Also, LC was higher among participants starting the use of O&D at younger ages (≤ 41 years old vs never users, AOR = 5.78, 95 % CI: 2.36 - 14.14) compared to those who started at an older age ( 41 years old vs never users, AOR = 3.93, 95 % CI: 1.22 - 12.62).Conclusion: The results of this study show that opium can be considered as a strong dose-related risk factor for LC. Thus, stronger policies should be implemented to reduce the use of opium in Iran and other world countries.