Zovawk is newly identified breed of pig of Mizoram approved by breed registration committee of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi. This study was designed to provide maximum number of morphometrical parameters of skull and some valuable information on clinically important parameters of Zovawk. The skull of the Zovawk was dolichocephalic according to the cephalic index (53.56±0.11). The supraorbital foramina distance, infraorbital foramina distance, skull length, skull width, cranial length and nasal length of the Zovawk were 3.49±0.01 cm, 6.55±0.01 cm, 28.26±0.03 cm, 15.11±0.26 cm, 13.17±0.04 cm and 13.79±0.02 cm, respectively. The orbital margins were found to be incomplete with bilateral variation among the orbits of both the sides. The distance from the process of alveolar socket of canine tooth to the infraorbital canal and from the latter to the root of the fourth upper premolar alveolar tooth directly ventral to it was 4.77±0.04 cm and 1.20±0.01 cm, respectively in Zovawk. The data are of clinical importance as a guide for tracking the infra-orbital nerve, and necessary for its desensitization during the manipulations in the skin of the upper lip, nostril and face at the level of the foramen. The distance between the lateral end of the alveolus of the third incisor tooth to the mental foramen was 3.57±0.04 cm in Zovawk, which is an important landmark for achieving the location of the mental nerve for the regional nerve block Zovawk. The length and height of the mandible were 25.02±0.09 cm and 10.54±0.07 cm, respectively in Zovawk. The morphometric measurements of the skull and applied anatomy of the head region of the Zovawk provide an important baseline data for further research in the field of applied anatomy.

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Background: It is usually accepted that some degree of post-surgical pain will be commonly present. There are different pain scales adopted in veterinary practice to assess these behavioural signs to measure pain. VAS had been used in human medicine for many years to measure pain and was found equally satisfactory in dogs. Pre-emptive analgesia (PEA) is grasping popularity in recent days, the concept of which originated during the time of growing appreciation of dynamic characteristics of pain pathway for obtaining effective analgesia prior to the surgical trauma. Methods: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of tramadol, pentazocine lactate and meloxicam as pre-emptive analgesics in dogs premedicated with glycopyrrolate, induction and maintenance with propofol continuous rate infusion (CRI) for certain clinical and physiological parameters. The animals were randomly divided into three equal groups viz. Group-T, Group-P and Group-M comprising six animals in each group and all were premedicated with glycopyrrolate, I/M. After 10 minutes of pre-anaesthetic administration, pre-emptive analgesia was given (Tramadol in Group-T, Pentazocine lactate in Group-P and Meloxicam in Group-M intravenously). After 10 minutes of pre-emptive analgesic administration, induction was achieved with propofol I/V and also maintained by CRI method up to 1 hour. Clinical and physiological parameters were recorded at 0 (baseline) minute before premedication, thereafter at 10 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 2 hr and 3 hr after pre-emptive analgesic administration. Result: There was no sedation observed within 10 min following pre-emptive analgesia and quality of sedation was recorded as score-0 in all the groups. Time for induction was significantly higher in group-M as compared to group-T and P. Quality of induction in all the groups ranged from score-0 to score1, assessment of peri-operative analgesia was recorded as score-0 in group-T and group-P, whereas in group-M it ranged from score-0 to score-1. Depth of anaesthesia was recorded as score-0 to score-1 in all the groups and quality of recovery was recorded as score-0 to score-1 in group-T and group-P and score-1 to score-2 in group-M. Assessment of post-operative analgesia by VAS was significantly lower in group-T as compared to group-P and M. In all the three groups, the heart rate increased significantly at 30 min interval and thereafter it decreased significantly till the end of the study. Respiratory rate also decreased significantly till 1 hr and thereafter it gradually increased till the end of study in all the groups. Rectal temperature, SpO2, systolic pressure and diastolic pressure decreased significantly at 30 min and thereafter increased gradually and approached base values in all the groups.

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Background: Pyometra is an infectious condition characterized by a pus-filled uterus, which basically developed due to hormonal, anatomical and physiological changes and the inside environment of the queen uterus help to grow the opportunistic pathogen. The aim of the present study was made to assess the haemato-biochemical changes of pyometra in infected queens. Methods: The study was carried out in 12 clinical cases of cat with a history of lethargy, depression, inappetence, polydipsia, occasional vomition and vaginal discharge, presented for treatment at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Sciences and A.H., Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, Mizoram. The presumptive clinical diagnosis of pyometra was made based on history, clinical signs and imaging techniques. The involvement of the pathogen was further confirmed by microbial examination of the pus-filled uterus after the ovariohysterectomy. Result: The study revealed alterations in the total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin and packed cell volume in pyometra cases. The leucogram revealed leucocytosis, neutrophilia and lymphopenia. Biochemical analysis revealed hyperprotenemia, increased liver enzymes and BUN and creatinine. The major pathogens involved in pyometra infected queens are Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Proteus and Pasteurella. The analysis of various parameters indicated that haemato-biochemical analysis may be good prognostic markers for feline pyometra.

Background: Laparotomy procedure involving caesarean sections, spaying and hernia correction are common in swine. But these animals are not receiving good standard perioperative as well as post-operative care and analgesia. The purpose of this study was to introduce an effective treatment method for the management of surgery related pain in pigs. Methods: Study was conducted in 18 clinical cases of pigs operated for the correction of either umbilical or ventral hernia. The animals were randomly divided into three groups. All the animals were premedicated with meloxicam and anaesthesia was induced and maintained with diazepam-ketamine combination. Intraperitoneal administration of ropivacaine or ropivacaine with dexmedetomidine or normal saline was given in the treatment groups. The animals were observed till 24 hours for the recording of clinical parameters such as time for induction, depth of anaesthesia, perioperative analgesia, muscle relaxation, quality of recovery, recovery time, post-operative analgesia and physiological parameters such as heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature and blood pressure. Result: Enhanced intraoperative and postoperative analgesia was observed following intraperitoneal infusion of ropivacaine and ropivacaine-dexmedetomidine combination in pigs. Clinical and cardio-respiratory changes were within the physiological limit after intraperitoneal administration of the drugs.