The rise of large-scale wireless sensor networks (LSWSNs), containing thousands of sensor nodes (SNs) that spread over large geographic areas, necessitates new Quality of Service (QoS) efficient data collection techniques. Data collection and transmission in LSWSNs are considered the most challenging issues. This study presents a new hybrid protocol called MDC-K that is a combination of the K-means machine learning clustering algorithm and mobile data collector (MDC) to improve the QoS criteria of clustering protocols for LSWSNs. It is based on a new routing model using the clustering approach for LSWSNs. These protocols have the capability to adopt methods that are appropriate for clustering and routing with the best value of QoS criteria. Specifically, the proposed protocol called MDC-K uses machine learning K-means clustering algorithm to reduce energy consumption in cluster head (CH) election phase and to improve the election of CH. In addition, a mobile data collector (MDC) is used as an intermediate between the CH and the base station (BS) to further enhance the QoS criteria of WSN, to minimize time delays during data collection, and to improve the transmission phase of clustering protocol. The obtained simulation results demonstrate that MDC-K improves the energy consumption and QoS metrics compared to LEACH, LEACH-K, MDC maximum residual energy leach, and TEEN protocols.
The limitations of the transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) model have given birth to a new futuristic trend called named data networking (NDN), focusing on retrieving the desired data by using content names instead of host addresses. In this context, we proposed another NDN architecture named hybrid communication in vehicular ad hoc networks
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.