Evening chronotype associates with health complications possibly via lifestyle factors, while the contribution of genetics is unknown. The aim was to study the relative contributions of genetics, lifestyle, and circadian-related physiological characteristics in metabolic risk of evening chronotype. In order to capture a biological contribution to chronotype, a genetic-risk-score (GRS), comprised of 15 chronotype-related variants, was tested. Moreover, a wide range of behavioral and emotional eating factors was studied within the same population. Chronotype, lifestyle, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) outcomes were assessed (n = 2,126), in addition to genetics (n = 1,693) and rest-activity/wrist-temperature rhythms (n = 100). Evening chronotype associated with MetS and insulin resistance (P < 0.05), and several lifestyle factors including poorer eating behaviors, lower physical activity and later sleep and wake times. We observed an association between higher evening GRS and evening chronotype (P < 0.05), but not with MetS. We propose a GRS as a tool to capture the biological component of the inter-individual differences in chronotype. Our data show that several modifiable factors such as sedentary lifestyle, difficulties in controlling the amount of food eaten, alcohol intake and later wake and bed times that characterized evening-types, may underlie chronotype-MetS relationship. Our findings provide insights into the development of strategies, particularly for evening chronotype.
Quercitrin is a flavonoid with antiinflammatory activity in experimental colitis, associated with an antioxidative action and amelioration of water absorption in vivo. However, its mechanism of action is unclear. This study focuses on the effect of quercitrin (1 and 5 mg/kg) in the early stages (24 h) of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis. Treatment with the flavonoid prevented the increase in colonic malondialdehyde and inhibited nitric oxide synthase and alkaline phosphatase activity but had no significant effects on observable damage. No effect on neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase) was observed. On the other hand, quercitrin exerted complex effects on colonic hydroelectrolytic transport, showing a slight potentiation of water absorption in vivo (5 mg/kg) as well as a normalization of carbachol stimulated electrogenic ionic transport in the proximal colon in vitro (5 mg/kg). It is concluded that the beneficial effects of quercitrin on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid chronic colitis arise from an early downregulation of the inflammatory cascade that is associated with amelioration of the disturbances in hydroelectrolytic transport. D
Variability at the PLIN1 locus is associated with variability in weight loss. Moreover, eating late is related to lower weight-loss effectiveness among carriers of the AA genotype at the PLIN1 14995A>T variant. These results contribute to our ability to implement more precise and successful obesity treatments. The ONTIME study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02829619.
Quercitrin (quercetin 3-rhamnoside) is a bioflavonoid with anti-inflammatory activity in experimental colitis. Several studies have suggested that vascular injury might be a primary process in Crohn's disease, but there is no information about the function of the mesenteric bed in the experimental models of colitis. The aims of this study were to analyse whether the reactivity to vasoconstrictor agents is altered in the mesenteric vascular bed from animals with colitis induced by administration of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in the early stages of this pathology, and to determine the effects of quercitrin on such vascular alterations. Contraction of mesenteric beds produced by vasoconstrictor agents such as noradrenaline and KCl is reduced in rats in the early stages of experimental TNBS-induced colitis. This alteration was partially reverted by non-selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition with N-nitro-l-arginine methylester, and enhanced by non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition with indomethacin. However, the endothelium-dependent relaxant responses to acetylcholine were not significantly altered. iNOS, COX-2, NOX-1, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 1β (IL1β) expressions were higher in the mesenteric arteries from TNBS-treated rats, without changes in both eNOS expression and eNOS-Ser phosphorylation. The in vivo pre-treatment with 5 mg kg of the flavonoid quercitrin reverts both the early hyporesponse of mesenteric arteries to noradrenaline and the up-regulation of iNOS, COX2, NOX1, TNFα and IL1β in colitic rats. In conclusion, quercitrin improves the impaired mesenteric vascular reactivity in the acute phase of this colitis model, at least in part by reducing NO overproduction from iNOS.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.