The paper presents a two-phase state based multi-beam-switching scheme implemented on a customdesigned 4 × 4 antenna array operating with a bandwidth of 1.5 GHz around 14 GHz. The antenna array and the beam-switching scheme have been experimentally validated. A phasing network designed to produce two phase states is used to experimentally validate the beam-switching and five beam states are presented, though this can be extended to other configurations using the split beam as a building block to construct multiple beams. The antenna can find potential use in multiuser millimetre-wave massive MIMO scenarios which require simultaneous multiple beams along selective directions.
A multi-beam antenna with a dual band operation in the 28 GHz and 31 GHz millimeter wave band is presented. The antenna has a gain of around 15 dBi in each of the three ports. The spatial footprint of the antenna is 166 mm x 123 mm x 34 mm. A waveguide lens-based approach is used to attain this gain. Cylindrical to planar wavefront transformation by a phase extraction and compensation method drives the design of the antenna. The dual band operation of the antenna aids in transmitting and receiving at two independent frequencies. Three beams originating from a shared aperture are designed to target directions of -60°, 0° and 60°. These features make the antenna a potential candidate for 5G millimeter wave applications.
In this paper, the design, operational principle and experimental validation of an endfire antenna element that is inspired by the energy-focusing characteristics of graded-index optical fibre are presented. The antenna operates with a bandwidth of 1.5 GHz centred around 14 GHz. It has a gain of around 5.5 dBi along the band of interest and a good pattern stability over the band. The antenna derives its unique nature from the arrangement of the arc-shaped parasitics, that couple onto the antenna´s driver dipole. An electromagnetic refractive index retrieval mechanism is used to guide the placement of the parasitics to enhance the gain. In addition to the design principle, a parametric study of the main parameters and their influence on the antenna behaviour is presented. The antenna is a potential candidate for use in multiuser massive MIMO antenna arrays for 5G communications where space is premium and in antenna array applications where a low-profile antenna element with a high gain is a necessity.
In this paper, we study the performance of spatial modulation based on reconfigurable antennas. Two main contributions are provided. We introduce an analytical framework to compute the error probability, which is shown to be accurate and useful for system optimization. We design and implement the prototype of a reconfigurable antenna that is specifically designed for application to spatial modulation and that provides multiple radiation patterns that are used to encode the information bits. By using the measured antenna radiation patterns, we show that spatial modulation based on reconfigurable antennas works in practice and that its performance can be optimized by appropriately selecting the radiation patterns to use for a given data rate.
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