Binary phase-controlled multi-beam-switching antenna array for reconfigurable 5G applications

Basavarajappa, Vedaprabhu; Exposito, Beatriz Bedia; Cabria, L.; Basterrechea, J.

doi:10.1186/s13638-019-1508-z

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…One can notice that the proposed array has a low profile, single port, simple geometry, and has a deep null at θ = 0 ∘ in its radiation pattern, as compared to other reported works. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The difference beam properties of the proposed array reflects a good agreement with respect to the other reported works. Therefore, the proposed concept to generate the difference pattern is suitable for applications like satellite communication.…”

Section: Radiation Efficiency and Gainsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…A dual‐port, multi‐layered antenna has been presented to generate the sum and difference pattern 13,14 . A binary phase‐controlled multi‐beam 4 × 4 array has been presented for 5G application in literature 15 . Although, the proposed multi‐port single elements and array structure to generate the difference pattern have given significant results, but not all of them are suitable for lightweight commercial applications, due to complex structure, heavy weight, and complex feed network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Generation of difference pattern from a linear microstrip patch array for the monopulse radar application

Patanvariya

Chatterjee

2020

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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This paper presents a new technique to generate difference pattern from a circularly polarized (CP) microstrip array antenna for monopulse radar application. The individual truncated corner radiators of the array are left-handed CP (LHCP). The difference pattern is generated by placing together the left and right side proposed single elements in opposite direction to each other along the y-axis with an inter-element spacing of 3λ/4. In order to achieve a stable radiation pattern with low sidelobe level over a resonating band, a uniform feed network is designed for the array. Finally, the proposed single element and the 4 × 1 array are designed, fabricated, and measured. The left-polarized element of the array structure, resonates at 5.90 GHz with good circular polarization properties. The array prototype resonates at 5.904 GHz with 3.60% impedance bandwidth. The array gives null depth greater than −30 dB at θ = 0 ∘ in different ϕ cuts. The proposed left-CP array has a gain of 9.48 dBic and a radiation efficiency of 77.50%. Moreover, the measured results matched well with the simulated results, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed approach for practical application.

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Section: Radiation Efficiency and Gainsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of difference pattern from a linear microstrip patch array for the monopulse radar application

Patanvariya

Chatterjee

2020

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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“…The prototype has been adopted in a massive MIMO array and its performance has been validated. These findings are presented in [12] dedicated to the design and implementation of the massive MIMO array and its multibeam characteristics. Moreover, a performance evaluation of the fabricated antenna in a unique reconfigurable array setup applied to practical scenarios using spatial modulation is presented in [13].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…2. For this parametric variation of other parameters such as the transition length and width, the reflector length and width are kept constant and only the arm length is varied in steps of 0.25 mm, displaying the tuning behaviour over the [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] GHz range for an arm length variation from 3 mm to 5.25 mm. This tuning behaviour demonstrates the potential of the antenna to be reconfigured in frequency.…”

Section: Driver Dipolesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi-optics-inspired low-profile endfire antenna element

Basavarajappa

Exposito

Cabria

et al. 2019

J Wireless Com Network

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In this paper, the design, operational principle and experimental validation of an endfire antenna element that is inspired by the energy-focusing characteristics of graded-index optical fibre are presented. The antenna operates with a bandwidth of 1.5 GHz centred around 14 GHz. It has a gain of around 5.5 dBi along the band of interest and a good pattern stability over the band. The antenna derives its unique nature from the arrangement of the arc-shaped parasitics, that couple onto the antenna´s driver dipole. An electromagnetic refractive index retrieval mechanism is used to guide the placement of the parasitics to enhance the gain. In addition to the design principle, a parametric study of the main parameters and their influence on the antenna behaviour is presented. The antenna is a potential candidate for use in multiuser massive MIMO antenna arrays for 5G communications where space is premium and in antenna array applications where a low-profile antenna element with a high gain is a necessity.

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“…Sometimes, a singleantenna array can only cover a portion of 360 coverage area so more than one antenna arrays are required, placed at multiple locations on handheld device (Figure 10.12). An example of reconfigurable beam switching network is given in [102] where 16-element high-directivity antenna array having 1.5-GHz bandwidth is shown. The phase control network in this array is experimentally validated and as a result five beam states are achieved.…”

Section: Illustration Of a Full-dimensional Nonuniform Fixed Beamformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beamformer development challenges for 5G and beyond

Abbasi

Fusco

2020

Antennas and Propagation for 5G and Beyond

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Antenna's beamforming technology [1] is vital in the utilization of the microwave and millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency bands for the fifth-generation (5G) communication technology, and beyond, applications that include the sixth generation (6G), Internet of Things and Industry 4.0 [2,3]. Antenna beamforming can be defined as the ability of an antenna array to steer the maximum radiation toward a prescribed direction, or, conversely, the ability of the antenna array to estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) of an impinging signal. Beamforming is generally achieved by using multiple antennas, spatially colocated to either function as an independent radiator or as a unit cell in larger array arrangements. Recently, the term multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) has been used in conjugation with the beamforming technology since it also involves multiple antenna systems, thus linking it to the beamforming technology [4]. When the number of antennas used in the MIMO operation becomes very large, it is generally termed massive MIMO technology [5]. Different beamforming concepts are used for the two frequency spectrum classifications in cellular technology, i.e., sub-6 GHz and mmWave. The majority of beamformer challenges at sub-6 GHz are already resolved, and prototypes are now available [6]; however, there are still major fundamental challenges that engineers face while developing beamformers for use in the mmWave bands, i.e., >28 GHz. Challenges include, but are not limited to, high path loss, power generation, adaption to account for realistic channel estimation, hardware impairments, energy leakage in circuits, high development cost, spatial-temporal channel variations, signal blockages due to the presence of obstacles such as beamformer casing, user body and hand. Also, multiuser MIMO techniques are not easily implementable in mmWave frequencies. In addition to this, beam coordination at transmitter and receiver antenna systems especially in mmWave spectrum is very challenging. In this chapter, we will first classify the beamformers based on the system architecture, operational frequency

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Binary phase-controlled multi-beam-switching antenna array for reconfigurable 5G applications

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Generation of difference pattern from a linear microstrip patch array for the monopulse radar application

Generation of difference pattern from a linear microstrip patch array for the monopulse radar application

Quasi-optics-inspired low-profile endfire antenna element

Beamformer development challenges for 5G and beyond

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