Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of Metronidazole (MTZ) and Chlorhexidine (CHX) gels if used alone or in combination in the treatment of periodontal inflammation Materials and Methods: A Randomized clinical trial, was conducted at the Department of Periodontology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, in which patient having moderate to severe periodontitis, assessed by using CPTIN community periodontal index, and bleeding index. Participants were randomly allocated to one of the three groups, Group A -CHX gel Group B – MTZ gel Group C - MTZ gel, and CHX gel both (MTZ –CHX). Furthermore, these indexes were assessed at the 4th, 8th and 12th weeks, and questions were recorded for any adverse effects. Data was analyzed using (SPSS) ANOVA– test used for comparison within groups and finally Repeated measure ANOVA-test was used for intergroup evaluation. Results: A significant improvement in the periodontal status and bleeding index was observed in all treatment groups from the treatment groups when compare baseline scores to all follow-up weeks, mean periodontal status of CHX (baseline:2.7776, 4th week:1.2463, 8th week:2.230, 12th week 0.848) MTZ (baseline: 2.548, 4th week:1.7120, 8th week:1.988, 12th week:1.109) CHX+MTZ (baseline: 2.333, 4th week 1.2432, 8th week 1.482, 12th week:0.524 with p-value 0.0001, However bleeding index showed significant results at the 12th week (CHX:0.825, MTZ:0.125, CHX+MTZ:0.124) with the p-value 0.005 Conclusion: Adjunctive use of topical gels showed significant improvements in clinical and numerical parameters in periodontitis. Keywords: Localized; Metronidazole, Chlorhexidine, Periodontium; inflammation.
Objective: To compare the retention rate of giomer and compomer in Class V restorations in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL). Materials and methods: In this experimental study patients with non-carious cervical lesions were divided in to two groups (Group A and B). In group A (n=60), restoration was done with Giomer type of material and in group B (n=60) Compomer type of material was used for filling by the same operator. Cvar & Ryge Criteria were used to evaluate the retention of both materials as: Alpha (restoration fully retained), Bravo (restoration partially retained) and Charlie (restoration completely missing) at follow-ups 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th months. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 17. Results: Males were 72% and females were 28%. The Mean age was 30.62 ±3.89 ranges from 13–85 years. Charlie score was observed at 5th and 6th months. The comparison between Giomer and Compomer at follow-up of 1st, 2nd, 4rd, 4th, 5th and 6th showed no statistical difference. Conclusion: Giomer and compomer both have same retention rate in clinical trials.
Objective: To compare the frequency of instrument fracture of endodontic file using Rotary Pro Tapers and EDM Hy Flex series. Study Design & Setting: This experimental in vitro study was conducted at Institute of Dentistry Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro. Subjects and Methods: Data was prospectively collected from extracted human teeth. A total of 66 canals were included. Simple descriptive statistics were used to present demographic data, along with frequency and percentages to present qualitative variables. It was decided to perform a post-stratification chi square test taking a p-value of less than 0.05 as significant. Results: A total of 66 canals (33 each endodontic file using Rotary Pro Tapers and EDM Hy Flex series) were included. Mean endodontic file in group A and B was 1.28±0.14 mm and 0.58±0.08 mm. Comparison of instrument separation in endodontic file using Rotary Pro Tapers and Hy Flex series showed separation of 09 (27.3%) and 02 (6.1%) respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, Protaper files generated much more stress than EDM Hy Flex files, but comparisons of instrument separation between the two instruments showed that the latter performed better overall. Keywords: Root canal treatment, Endodontic file, Rotary Pro Tapers and Rotary EDM Hy Flex.
Objectives: To evaluate pattern and presentation of pyogenic granuloma in pregnant patients. Study Design: Descriptive study with non-probability purposive technique. Setting: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Liaquat University hospital Hyderabad. Period: From February 2013 to January 2017. Material & Methods: A total number of fifty pregnant patients were included in the study and preliminary diagnosis of gingival pyogenic granuloma was made clinically. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by excisional biopsy under local anesthesia (surgical procedure was done following consultation with primary care physician in second trimester or after parturition), and sent for histopathological examination. Removal of dental plaque performed before surgical therapy. Results: Most of the females involve were in age group of 21-30 (68%). Maxillary anterior region was most frequently involved followed by mandibular anterior region. The smallest size of lesion was 1.5mm and largest was 3cm. Conclusion: Pyogenic granuloma in pregnancy occur due to hormonal imbalance, however bacterial dental plaque, calculus and poor oral hygiene are also key factors in development.
This study aims to introduce a novel Non-Linear Diophantine Fuzzy Multi-Criterion Decision-Making Model for COVID-19 diagnosis and control. The study is organised into three sections to encourage individuals and to develop an appropriate strategy for emergency decision-making circumstances. First, we propose a generalizations of Pythagorean fuzzy sets, q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets, and linear Diophantine fuzzy set, called Non-linear Diophantine fuzzy set (Non-LDFS) and discussed their important properties. Moreover, mathematical criteria for Non-LDFSs are established based on certain operating laws. In the second part of the study, we propose a set of Non-LDF averaging and geometric aggregation operators for aggregating expert judgments based on TOPSIS techniques. In final part, the newly defined Non-LDF Topsis Method is used to solve a medical diagnosis challenge for the COVID-19 virus, and the findings are reported. To accomplish this, we developed an enhanced ”multi-criteria decision-making” (MCDM) technique that should be capable of evaluating and selecting the best alternative choice of COVID-19 based on five criteria. A comparative analysis is also performed for the novel Non-LDF Topsis, and the prospects of the designed research are addressed.
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