Background: Imposter syndrome is characterized by chronic feelings of self-doubt and fear of being discovered as an intellectual fraud. Despite evidence of abilities, those suffering from imposter syndrome are unable to internalize a sense of accomplishment, competence, or skill. Overall, they believe themselves to be less intelligent and competent than others perceive them to be. IS has several potential implications for medical education. The current study was designed to find out the frequency of imposter syndrome among medical students college so that certain measures must be taken to improve the teaching and learning methodologies as well as the curriculum.Methods: A cross-sectional, psycho-social analysis was conducted from March to July, 2018 at Nishtar Medical College, Multan after taking informed consent from the students. Clance Imposter Phenomenon Sclae (CIPS) was used to assess the prevalence and degree of severity of Imposter syndrome among medical chosen on basis of random sampling. The data collected was entered and analysed on SPSS v.20.Results: Two hundred (200) students were selected for the study and were asked to return the completed 20 items questionnaire. One hundred and eighty-nine (189) students returned the questionnaires, so the response rate was 94.5%. Out of 189 students, 121(64.36%) were males and 68(35.97%) were females. According to Clance imposter phenomenon scoring, of the total 189 students the severity of imposter syndrome is as follows: mild, 5(2.64%), moderate,72(38.09%), severe,103(54.49%) and very severe, 09(4.76%). Moreover, third year students were found to have high prevalence and degree of severity of imposter syndrome.Conclusions: Imposter phenomenon exists in a significant percentage of medical students and appears to peak in the third year of medical school. Both genders are at equal risk of having imposter syndrome. It is associated with various psychological illnesses. Further discussion regarding medical education paradigms in light of high levels of imposter phenomenon is needed.
The objective of this study was to interpret any rule of probiotics in the management of celiac disease and apply the results to improve the quality of life of patients with celiac disease if the result comes in favor of probiotics. Materials and methodsIt was a cross-sectional study conducted in the gastroenterology unit of Nishtar Medical University, Multan. A total of 170 children with celiac disease were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups (A and B) using a computer-generated table of random numbers. Group A was given only a gluten-free diet, while group B was given probiotics and a gluten-free diet. The efficacy of probiotics was measured in terms of reduction in stool frequency at the end of the 28 days of treatment. The data was recorded on the datasheet for every individual, and the statical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test. The patients were fully explained about the research purpose, and written consent was taken from them. ResultsThe efficacy of probiotics in children with celiac disease was compared in both groups. Results showed a marked reduction in the frequency of stools to less than half, i.e., 90.59% (n=77) in group B and 63.53% (n=54) in group A. The Chi-Square test resulted in a p-value of 0.000027 showing a significant difference in both groups. ConclusionProbiotics are found to be highly efficient in terms of reduction in diarrhea in celiac disease. Probiotics will improve not only quality of life but also play an essential role in managing celiac disease.
Background: Chronic viral hepatitis includes hepatitis B and hepatitis C and is responsible for causing the deaths of millions of people all across the world each year. Although there are small studies in literature about association between ABO blood groups and chronic viral hepatitis, only few studies found relation between them. The objective of this case control study is to establish a relation between the host factors and these viral infections.Methods: This is a case control study on patients diagnosed with CVHB and CVHC. The study was conducted on 508 patients reported to Nishtar Hospital, Multan and Sheikh Zayd Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.709 healthy blood donors were selected as a control group from Nishtar Hospital blood bank during December 2016 and December 2017.The results were subjected to SPSS v.20 for analysis using the chi square test. The patients and blood donors were also asked about certain demographic factors like age, sex and blood transfusions.Results: Among CVHB patients,173(100%), the distribution of blood groups was following: Group A, 38 (21.96%), B, 57 (32.94%), AB, 11 (6.35%), O, 67 (38.72%). 158 (91.32%) were Rh positive and 15 (8.67%) Rh negative. In CVHC patients, 335 (100%), the distribution was following: Group A, 69 (20.59%), B, 123 (36.71%), AB, 24 (7.16%), O, 119 (35.52%). 303 (90.44%) were Rh positive while 32 (9.55%) were Rh negative. In healthy blood donors, 167 (23.55%) were group A, 225 (31.73%) group B, 41(5.78%) group AB, 276 (38.92%) group O.632 (89.13%) were Rh positive and 77 (10.86%) Rh negative.Conclusions: There was no significant difference between blood groups(p>0.5) and Rh(p>0.5) with chronic viral hepatitis. However, it was also observed that the infections of HCV increase among (26-45) years old patients while the HBV infections increase with progression of age. Association of chronic viral hepatitis infection with blood group types needs more studies to get more knowledge about this aspect.
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