An optimized and validated spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of cefixime in pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on the complexation reaction between cefixime and palladium ion in the presence of acidic buffer solution (pH 3) in ethanol-distilled water medium at room temperature. The complex absorbed maximally at 352 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the working concentration range of 2.5–35 μg/mL with apparent molar absorptivity of 1.015×104 L/mol cm and Sandell’s sensitivity of 0.001 μg/cm2/0.001 absorbance unit. The limits of detection and quantitation for the proposed method are 0.175 and 0.583 μg/mL, respectively. The effect of common excipients used as additives has been studied in the determination of cefixime. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of cefixime in pharmaceutical formulations. The results obtained by the proposed method were statistically compared with the reference method using t and F values and found no significant difference between the two methods.

A new and novel UV spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination Cu(II) in synthetic mixture and water samples. The method is based on complex formation of Cu(II) with cefixime immediately in 1,4‐dioxan‐distilled water medium at room temperature. The complex showed maximum absorption wavelength at 336 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 1.015‐8.122 μg mL−1 (Linear regression: A = 1.59 × 10−3 + 1.305 × 10−1 C) with apparent molar absorptivity (8.29 × 103 L mol−1cm−1) and Sandell's sensitivity (0.008 μg/cm2/0.001 absorbance unit). The limits of detection and quantitation for the developed method are 3.19 × 10−2 and 9.65 × 10−2 μg mL−1, respectively. Interferences due to Mn(II), Ca(II), Mg(II), Cd(II), Al(III), Pb(II), Zn(II), Fe(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), Cr(III), Hg(II) and As(III) was investigated. Nine cations do not interfere in the determination of Cu(II). Proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Cu(II) in synthetic mixture, sea and well water samples.

The objective of this work is to develop and validate spectrophotometric method for the determination of piroxicam in commercial dosage forms. The method is based on the chelation of the drug with Fe(III) to form pink coloured metal chelate at room temperature which absorbs maximally at 504 nm. Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range of 8–160 μg mL−1 (A = 1.07 × 10−3 + 7.75 × 10−3 C). Under the optimized experimental conditions, proposed method is validated as per the International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines. The limits of detection and quantitation for the proposed method are 0.775 and 2.348 μg mL−1, respectively. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of piroxicam in commercial dosage forms. The results are compared with the reference El‐Ries et al. spectrophotometric method.

(2016) Optimized and validated spectrophotometric method for the determination of palladium(II) in synthetic mixture and automobile workshop area samples,

A simple, sensitive, and accurate UV spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of nickel in synthetic mixture and water samples. The method is based on the complexation reaction of nickel ion with cefixime, thus leading to the formation of Ni-cefixime complex in ethanol-distilled water medium at room temperature. The complex showed the maximum absorption wavelength at 332 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the working concentration range of 0.447-4.019 μg mL(-1) with apparent molar absorptivity of 7.314 × 10(3) L mol(-1) cm(-1) and Sandell's sensitivity of 0.008 μg/cm(2)/0.001 absorbance unit. The limits of detection and quantitation for the proposed method are 0.016 and 0.054 μg mL(-1), respectively. The factors such as cefixime concentration and solvent affecting the complexation reaction were carefully studied and optimized. The method is validated as per the International Conference on Harmonisation guideline. The method is successfully applied to the determination of Ni(II) in synthetic mixture and wadi water samples collected from Al Rustaq. The same water samples are also analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Both methods determined the amount of Ni(II) in water sample and found to be approximately the same.