The lichen biota of the Amadiya and Rowanduz districts in the Mountain physiogeographic region in Iraq was sampled in 2013. The samples provided 47 species belonging to 29 genera and 14 families. Among them 37 species are new records for Iraq. All species except Lichinella cribellifera and Thelidium sp. were found in Amadiya district whereas only 13 species occurred in Rowanduz district. Most of the species (59.5%) were crustose, while 27.6% were foliose, 12.7 % squamulose and none fruticose. The three most species-rich genera are Caloplaca with 7 species, Collema with 5 species and Aspicilia with 3 species; 6 genera were represented by 2 species and 20 by single species. All saxicolous lichens were calciphilic while the corticolous lichens were acidophilic. The most common and dominant species is Lecanora muralis, found in all 17 studied locations.
The present research focused on the measurement of raw water turbidity in a stretch of Tigris River that flows within Nineveh province with the determination of efficiency removal by different units of water purification. The work covered Five main water purification plants located on both banks of the river. From North to South, they are: The new project for water purification at left bank (algubba). The unified project for water purification at right bank, The old project for water purification at left bank, water project Al-Danadan and water project Al-Sallamiyah. The results revealed that turbidity values ranged between (1.2-27.4) NTU. These values are low and considered one of the positive results for the effect of Mosul dam lake on Tigris. The site with the lowest turbidity content was Al-Gubba and that with the highest content was Al-Danadan, since it is located at the center of Mosul city. The efficiency of sedimentation units widely varied from month to month and from plant to others. Generally, the efficiencies were low and their ranges wear restricted between (20-40%) in most samples. The efficiency of filtration units also varied widely in time and space and with low percentages. In (73.3%) of the samples, efficiency removal ranged between (1-50%). The results of total efficiency showed that the arrangement of water purification plants, in descending order were: The unified project for water purification at the right bank (70.7%), the new project for water purification at the left bank (Al-Gubba) (55.9%), water project Al-Sallamiyah (53.0%), water project Al-Danadan (42.6%) and finally the old project for water purification at the left bank (30.8%).
The Order Sphaerocarpales of the bottle liverwort consists of five genera, among which Sphaerocarpos in turn consists of 8-9 species. The genus is nearly worldwide distributed, but disjunct, sporadic, and localized throughout the range in North America, South America, Europe, Africa, and Australia. According to the published checklist, only two species of Sphaerocarpos were recorded in the middle east countries. These are S. texanus and S. michelii, both were found in Turkey, while only the latter was found in Iraq. By the current study, an additional species, S. donnellii, will be added to the byroflora of the Middle East (south west Asia) region. A specimen of this species was found in Mosul city, Nineveh province, Iraq, grown on loamy soil in a house garden.
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