Using of natural plants as immunostimulant in fish is more useful than antibacterial drugs that cause adversely side effects for fish, environment and consumers. Therefore, we investigated the effect of black cumin seeds, Nigella sativa, as a herbal medicine plant on some immuno-hematological parameters and specific as well as non-specific defence mechanisms of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish were fed with basal diet incorporated with 1, 2.5 and 5% Nigella sativa for 21 days. At the end of experiment, the hematocrit (Hct), leukocyte levels, glass-adherent NBT positive cell activation, serum protein and total immunoglobulin level were determined in fish blood. No significant differences (P >0.05) were found in hematocrit levels of fish fed the diets containing 1 and 2.5% black cumin seeds, but it was significantly (P <0.05) increased in fish receiving diet containing 5% black cumin seeds compared to the control. Glass-adherent NBT positive cell activation and leukocyte level in black cumin supplemented groups showed no significant differences (P >0.05) when compared to the control group. The serum protein and total immunoglobulin levels were significantly (P <0.05) higher than those of the control group. In conclusion, based on the current findings together with the low cost and the immunostimulative effect of black cumin seed, it is recommended to be used in fish feed to minimize the mortalities caused by some pathogens.

The herb white willow (Salix alba), also known as willow bark, is used to treat pain and fever. It is also used for myalgias, osteoarthritis, dysmenorrheal, gouty arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, common cold, influenza, and weight loss. White willow contains a substance (salicine) that is converted by the body into a salicylate similar to the blood-thinner aspirin. Over the last twenty years, another use for aspirin has emerged connected with the discovery of its anti-thrombotic action.

In this study, changes in some non-specific immune defense mechanisms of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following exposure to aqueous extracts of Nigella sativa seeds were investigated. A total of 900 fish (mean weight 102.3g) were used in the study. Fish were treated with black seed oil using one of three different application techniques. The first method involved feeding the fish with 0.1%, 1.0% and 10% dilution of black seed oil over a 21d period. In the second method, 0.1%, 1.0% and 10% dilution of black seed oil was injected to the fish. In the third method, 0.1%, 1.0% and 10% dilution of black seed oil were applied directly onto the lateral line of fish ('smearing') over a 3d period. Blood samples of fish were taken at 3, 7, 14 and 21d post-exposure and hematocrit, leucocrit, erythrocyte, leucocyte, nitroblue tetrazolium activity, protein level and total immunoglobulin levels were determined. The highest levels of hematocrit, erythrocyte, leucocyte and nitroblue tetrazolium activity occurred in fish exposed using the smearing method. Differences in leucocrit levels of groups exposed to the three methods were not significant. The highest levels of total protein occurred in fish exposed via feeding. The highest levels of total immunoglobulin occurred in fish exposed via injection and decreased suddenly. Nonetheless, the smearing method caused regular increase and decrease. It was observed that black seed oil caused increase of fish protein content, even at the lowest dose in fish exposed via feeding. In this study, the effects of smearing method were investigated on immune system of rainbow trout, as well as, determined differences of feeding and injection methods on immune response than smearing method.Keywords: Black seed oil, Rainbow trout, Nigella sativa, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Non-specific immune parameters, Immune system of fish.FÜBAP 1501 nolu proje desteği ile yapılan doktora tezinden özetlenmiştir. Journal of FisheriesSciences.com Altınterim and Dörücü, 7(3): 209-215 Journal abbreviation: J FisheriesSciences.com Özet: Çörekotu (Nigella sativa, L) Yağı' nın Gökkuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792)'nın İmmün Sistemine Etkisinin Araştırılması Bu çalışmada çörekotu (Nigella sativa, L) yağı'nın gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792)' nın spesifik olmayan immün sistem parametrelerine etkileri araştırıldı. Araştırmada ortalama ağırlığı 102.30 g (84.2-121.1 g) olan 900 adet gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) kullanıldı. Çalışmada çörekotu yağı alabalıklara 3 farklı yöntemle verildi. 1. yöntemde çörekotu yağı %0.1, %1.0 ve %10 oranlarında yeme ml. olarak ilave edilerek 21 gün süreyle alabalıklara verildi. 2. yöntemde çörekotu yağı %0.1, %1.0 ve %10 oranlarında balık dozları enjeksiyonla alabalıklara uygulandı. 3. yöntemde çörekotu yağının % %0.1, %1.0 ve %10 dozları 3 gün boyunca alabalıkların yanal çizgisine sürülerek uygulandı. Bu işlemler sonrasında alabalıklardan, 3, 7, 14, 21. günlerde kan örnekleri alındı. Alınan bu örneklerin hematokrit (Ht), lökokrit (Lt), e...

Öz: Çalışmada yeşil çay yağının (Camellia sinensis) gökkuşağı alabalığının (Oncorhynchus mykiss) büyüme oranı, yemden yararlanma ve hematolojik parametreleri üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi için denemeler kurulmuştur. Balıklar (76.25±2.75 g) masere yeşil çay yağının farklı konsantrasyonları (%0.25, %0.5, %1.0) ilave edilmiş yemlerle beslenmiştir. Ağırlık kazancı (WG), yem dönüşüm oranı (YDO) ve bazı kan parametreleri gökkuşağı alabalığında belirlenmiştir. Yeşil çay yağı ile 42 günlük besleme sonunda yapılan analizlerde WBC, GRAN, HGB, HCT, MCH, MCHC, PLT, PDW, PCT değerlerinde kontrol grubuna göre artış gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte yeşil çay yağı uygulanan grupların megakaryositlerini uyardığı (PLC-R seviyesinde artış) bunun da trombosit yapımını artırdığı görülmüştür. Yem değerlendirme oranı 1.83-4.53 değerleri arasında değişim göstermiştir. Deneme sonunda gruplardaki yeşil çay yağı miktarının artışıyla birlikte yem değerlendirme oranının azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Yeşil çay yağının içerdiği lipofilik özellikteki biyoaktif maddelerin sinerjistik etki göstererek balıklarda termojenik uyarımı sağladığı ve bunun da ağırlık kaybına neden olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra yeşil çay yağının hematopoetik organlarda hematopoiesisi ve içerdiği kateşinler gibi antioksidanların granülosit hücre grubu üzerinde etki gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.

Aromatic and medicinal plants (AMPs) have been most popular for human and animal in phytotherapy, phytochemistry and pharmacology recently owing to their anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and antiseptic characteristics. Therefore, experiments were designed for determination the antibacterial effects of macerated and distilled oils of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), mint (Mentha longifolia) and marigold (Calendula officinalis) against Yersinia ruckeri with modified tube agar dilution method. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined. Our results indicated that number and concentration of bacteria were reduced by macerated and distilled oils of lemon balm, thyme, mint and marigold. Compared all treatments, the best results were obtained by thyme. In conclusion, macerated oils of lemon balm, thyme, mint and marigold showed antibacterial activity against the pathogen although to a lesser extent than in distilled oil. It is recommended that macerated oils could be used as protective to the causative agent.