English Thoroughbred horses, are widespread in Mexico and due to the lack of data on their exercise physiology, it is important to conduct exercise tests in order to obtain information the effects of exercise on more essential cations/anions in blood serum, as these horses are submitted to constant efforts. The study was carried out with 150 blood samples of English Thoroughbred horses clinically healthy. The blood sample collection was performed during three periods: 1) rest, 2) 30min after exercise (speed race of 12km/h for 30min with no rest) and 3) 60min after exercise. Mean values were calculated for cations (sodium and potassium) and anions (chloride and bicarbonate). The resulting data set was analyzed using Gaussian distribution and descriptive statistics. Confidence intervals of 95% were established. The linear relationships between ions were quantified, and an analysis of variance was performed to compare the mean values between groups. The concentrations of the described analytes are consistent with values reported by international literature. The comparison between groups, revealed that during exercise, sodium ion did not show changes 30min after exercise and increase 60min after. Potassium ion showed increase 30min after exercise and decrease 60min after. Chloride ion showed a decrease 30min after exercise, to recover gradually 60min after. Meanwhile, bicarbonate ion showed increase 30min after exercise, decreasing slightly in the final stage. Negative correlation between bicarbonate ion and chloride ion were determined. It was concluded that exercise tests are useful for the determination of acid-base balance and osmotic balance, and their main role is to evaluate the athletic ability of horses.Considering that chloride ion excretion and metabolic adjustments of potassium ion and bicarbonate ion are superior to water loss, compared to the normal osmolarity of blood serum. The results found can be used to structure an adequate replacement program of electrolytes lost in sweat.
PALABRAS CLAVE ADICIONALES Desarrollo embrionario. Incubación. Oxigenación. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS Embryonic development. Incubation. Oxygenation. RESUMENEl objetivo de este ensayo fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes concentraciones de oxígeno (O 2 ) durante el proceso de incubación sobre los parámetros de incubación del pollo de engorda. Se utilizaron dos máquinas incubadoras, con capacidad cada una de 4800 huevos, que trabajan con dos distintas concentraciones de O 2 (17,5 vs. 21%) y 300 huevos pesados de forma individual los cuales se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en ambas máquinas. Se cuantificaron la pérdida de humedad, la incubabilidad, el peso y tamaño del pollo, nivel de glucemia, valor hematocrito, peso del vitelo y la mortalidad embrionaria. Con mayor concentración de O 2 la incubabilidad aumentó en 2,13 puntos, la pérdida de humedad fue más eficiente, y el tamaño del pollo fue mayor en 0,44 cm; la concentración de glucosa sanguínea se redujo (-16,4 mg/dl), se registró un mayor valor hematocrito (con 25,75 ± 1,86%), y una mortalidad embrionaria más alta en la etapa I de desarrollo. La adición de O 2 en un 21%, durante la incubación puede incrementar la incubabilidad, sin comprometer la integridad de las aves. SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different oxygen concentration during incubation on parameters in broiler chickens. Two hatchers with capacity of 4800 eggs were used to provide different oxygen concentration (17.5 vs. 21%). 300 eggs were weighted and randomly distributed in both machines. The humidity loss, hatchability, weight and length of chick, blood glucose level, haematocrit, residual yolk and embryonic mortality were recorded. At the greatest oxygen concentration hatchability increased 2.13 percentage points, humidity was lost more efficiently, and the length of chicks increased 0.44 cm; glycemia was reduce (-16.4 mg/dl), while haematocrit increased 25.75 ± 1.86%), being higher the embryo mortality during their first stage of development. The additional oxygen in 21% during the incubation may increase the hatchability, without compromising chick integrity. INTRODUCCIÓNPara mantener al embrión a una temperatura óptima de aproximadamente 37,8 ºC, el exceso de calor tiene que ser eliminado. La mayoría de las incubadoras están diseñadas para mantener la temperatura del aire
El objetivo de este ensayo fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes concentraciones de oxígeno (O2) durante el proceso de incubación sobre los parámetros de incubación del pollo de engorda. Se utilizaron dos máquinas incubadoras, con capacidad cada una de 4800 huevos, que trabajan con dos distintas concentraciones de O2 (17,5 vs. 21%) y 300 huevos pesados de forma individual los cuales se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en ambas máquinas. Se cuantificaron la pérdida de humedad, la incubabilidad, el peso y tamaño del pollo, nivel de glucemia, valor hematocrito, peso del vitelo y la mortalidad embrionaria. Con mayor concentración de O2 la incubabilidad aumentó en 2,13 puntos, la pérdida de humedad fue más eficiente, y el tamaño del pollo fue mayor en 0,44 cm; la concentración de glucosa sanguínea se redujo (-16,4 mg/dl), se registró un mayor valor hematocrito (con 25,75 ± 1,86%), y una mortalidad embrionaria más alta en la etapa I de desarrollo. La adición de O2 en un 21%, durante la incubación puede incrementar la incubabilidad, sin comprometer la integridad de las aves.
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