In this study, graft compatibility between almond cultivar Lauranne and almond seedling and Rootpac R, Rootpac 90, Rootpac 70 and Rootpac 40 clonal rootstocks was anatomically investigated. The anatomical analysis of scion/ rootstock combinations was performed by taking cross sections for 30 days and 12 months after T-budding in June, 2017. It was determined that, 30 days after grafting, the callus cells developed but cambial continuity has not occurred between the rootstock and scion tissues in all scion/rootstock combinations. 12 months after grafting, cambial relation was established, vascular differentiation was observed, regular parenchymatic tissue properties and scleroid (petrosal cell) cells and sclerenchyma bundles were seen in the graft union. There was no problem in terms of rootstock-scion compatibility in Lauranne almond cultivar which was grafted on almond seedling and some Rootpac clonal rootstocks.
Almond production is usually affected by late spring frosts. Late flowering is an important trait in almond production in order to avoid frost damage. Breeding for late flowering has always been an important objective in almond breeding programs.Utilising molecular approaches may guide and accelerate breeding programs. In the present study, the expressions of the Prunus persica FLOWERING LOCUS T (PpFT) and Prunus armeniaca SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (PabSOC1) genes known as floral integrators that promote flowering in plants were determined in almonds (Amygdalus spp.). Frost tolerance is another important trait in almond production. Almond accessions may vary in terms of frost tolerance. The expressions of Prunus dulcis C-repeat-binding factors (PdCBF1) and (PdCBF2) genes that are the major components in the cold responsive network of plants were studied in almonds. Real time PCR analysis of buds revealed the differential expression pattern of PpFT, PabSOC1, PdCBF1, PdCBF2 genes. The expressions of PpFT and PabSOC1 correlated with each other. Similarly, the expressions of PdCBF1and PdCBF2 genes revealed a similar expression pattern in almonds. However, the expression of flowering genes were inversely correlated with the cold response genes in most of the almond accessions. This finding revealed the crosstalk between flowering integrator genes and cold responsive genes in controlling flowering in almonds.
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