The scope of the Journal is limited with otology, neurotology, audiology (excluding linguistics) and skull base medicine.The Journal of International Advanced Otology aims to publish manuscripts at the highest clinical and scientific level. J Int Adv Otol publishes original articles in the form of clinical and basic research, review articles, short reports and a limited number of case reports. Controversial patient discussions, communications on emerging technology, and historical issues will also be considered for publication.Target audience of J Int Adv Otol includes physicians and academics who work in the fields of otology, neurotology, audiology and skull base medicine.The editorial and publication processes of the journal are shaped in accordance with the guidelines
Objectives To determine the cochlea's average size in humans and evaluate the relationships between certain covariates and cochlear size. Methods A systematic search on articles on cochlear size and published in English was conducted using Cochrane, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to September 15, 2020. Data were pooled using random‐effects with three models. The effect of demographic, clinical, and measurement‐related parameters was specifically analyzed. Meta‐regression and subgroup analyses were conducted. The overall effect estimation was made for outcomes. Results The meta‐analysis included 4,708 cochleae from 56 studies. The overall length of the organ of Corti was 32.94 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32.51–33.38). The first and second models revealed that age, gender, country, continent, measurement method (direct, indirect), measured structure (“A” value, cochlear lateral wall), origin (in vivo, in vitro), and type (histology specimens, plastic casts, imaging) of the cochlear material did not affect the cochlear size. However, study populations (general population, patients with a cochlear implant, and patients with congenital sensorineural hearing loss [CSNHL]) were found to affect the outcomes. Compared to the other populations, patients with CSNHL had shorter cochleae. Therefore, we developed a third model and found that the general population and patients with cochlear implants did not differ in cochlear size. Conclusion This meta‐analysis investigated the factors that could affect the cochlear size and found that patients with CSNHL had significantly shorter cochleae, whereas other covariates had no significant effect. Laryngoscope, 132:188–197, 2022
Arachnoid granulations (AG) are composed of dense, collagenous connective tissue that includes clusters of arachnoid cells. They tend to invaginate into the dural sinuses, through which cerebrospinal fluid enters the venous system. AG are most commonly seen at the junction between the middle and lateral thirds of the transverse sinuses near the entry sites of the superficial veins. Presently described is the case of a 21-year-old female who presented at the clinic with recurrent headaches. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a 3.5-cm lesion, which extended from confluens sinuum through the superior sagittal sinus. The lesion had created a scallop-shaped area of erosion in the neighboring occipital bone. To exclude sinus thrombosis, MR venography was performed, which displayed a maintained venous flow around the lesion. Headaches were treated symptomatically with medical therapy. Giant AG can be misdiagnosed as dural sinus thrombosis. MR imaging combined with MR venography is the most useful diagnostic tool to differentiate giant AG from dural sinus thrombosis.
Background The frequency of insertion variations of cystic duct (CD) is inconsistent between studies caused to some extent by the way they give the relative frequency of the variations. Moreover, certain insertion variations have been reported to be associated with choledocholithiasis. This study aimed to assess the frequency of CD insertion variations with a comprehensive way of classification in an unselected population in whom MRCP was performed. Moreover, the relationship between the types of variant insertions and choledocholithiasis using MRCP was also assessed. Patients undergoing magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) were reviewed retrospectively by two radiologists who were blinded to the clinical data. The normal insertion was defined as the union through middle one third of the lateral border of the extrahepatic bile duct. The transverse site (lateral, medial, anterior, and posterior) and the craniocaudal level (high, mid and low) of insertions and their intersections were assessed using axial and coronal slices, respectively. In addition, the frequencies of the CD insertion variations were compared between choledocholithiasis and control (no-choledocholithiasis) groups. Results A total of 307 patients (124 with choledocholithiasis and 183 controls) were analyzed. A true variant insertion was found in 149 (48.5%) cases. The insertion variations were less frequent in the choledocholithiasis group [50 (40.3%) vs. 99 (54.1%), respectively, p = 0.018]. The frequencies of craniocaudal level of insertion differed significantly between groups (p = 0.014) that was driven by a lower rate of low medial insertion (1.6% vs. 9.8%, respectively) in the choledocholithiasis group. The frequencies of transverse site of insertion were similar between groups (p = 0.314). The low medial insertion was 80.7% less likely associated with choledocholithiasis even after adjustment for age (Odds ratio: 0.193, 95% Confidence interval: 0.039–0.954, p = 0.044). The interreader agreement for insertion assessment was good (Cohen’s Kappa: 0.748, p < 0.001). Conclusions The prevalence of CD insertion variations in an unselected population undergoing MRCP is quite high and a mid-posterior insertion is the most common variant type. Insertion variations of CD, the low medial insertion in particular, are less common in patients with choledocholithiasis than controls.
Objective: This study investigated the effectivity of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) value in evaluating parotid gland tumors (PGTs), and aimed to reduce the biopsy procedure before surgery. Methods: This retrospective study included 54 PGTs of 42 patients’ (24 female, 18 male, mean age; 51.4±15.9). All of the patients had an MRI, and histopathologic diagnosis. The signal intensity [T1 and T2 Weighted (W), T1W after intravenous contrast agent injection] and mean ADC values of the PGTs were measured. Also contrast enhancement pattern (homogenous, heterogeneous, peripheral or none), margin features (well or ill-defined), sizes, location (superficial lobe/deeplobe/both), perineural spread, presence of lymphadenopathy, and extension to adjacent structures were noted. Results: The distribution of PGTs was; 21 pleomorphic adenomas, 18 Warthin tumors, 2 lymph nodes, 2 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 5 adenoid cystic carcinoma, 1 basal cell carcinoma,2 metastases and 2 lymphomas; (13 malignant and 41 benign lesions). Morphologic parameters; ill-defined margin, perineural spread, lymphadenopathy, and extension to adjacent structures were found to be significantly associated with malign lesions (p<0.01). There was a significant difference between ADC values of malignant and benign PGTs (p<0.05). Also ADC values and T2 signal intensity was significantly lower in Warthin tumors rather than pleomorphic adenomas (p<0.05). Conclusions: Mean ADC values when considered with morphological features may be accessible methods to distinguish benign and malignant PGTs, also ADC values and T2 signal intensity may be useful for differentiating pleomorphic adenomas from Warthin tumors, thereby reducing the number of biopsies and thus complications.
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