An intricate problem associated with fixed bed operation is liquid maldistribution, which denotes the fact that the liquid does not homogeneously flow through the bed. In a comparative study we evaluated two capacitance imaging methodsscapacitance wire-mesh sensor and electrical capacitance tomography (ECT)swith respect to their capability of measuring static and dynamic liquid holdup in a fixed bed. The capacitance wire-mesh sensor as an invasive instrument is able to disclose flow structures at higher spatial resolution and was therefore considered the reference instrument for liquid holdup measurement. We found that both methods predict dynamic liquid holdup in the column in a similar way with only small systematic deviation. The results therefore prove that noninvasive electrical capacitance tomography can reliably measure cross-sectional dynamic liquid holdup in a fixed bed, even with a simple and fast linear back projection reconstruction algorithm.
Results related to the change of scale of the sensor and the actual measurements will be discussed in the article. Proposed by the authors of the paper, the method of visualization, performed in the measuring process, helps to ask about the process and suggests a methodology for dealing with the material stored in the silo.
There has been 8 years since the first ASF case was identified in Poland. In spite of immediate actions of public administration this disease covers now all 16 districts and new outbreaks of ASF among pigs and boars are still being found. Due to its character the virus means a serious threat to agriculture and pork production not just in Poland but in Europe as well. Unfortunately, as life shows, problematic aspects of the virus fighting are not only reducing boar population and new outbreaks. Only coordinated actions of public services, veterinarians and hunters can result in reducing the disease emission onto the areas that are virus free today.
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