“…Addition of acetate Increase in pellet fluffiness 0.2 wt% ammonium acetate, shake flask, A. niger strain R-8 (39) and decrease in pellet size spores/mL, A. niger (83,84) Polymer additives Smaller pellets, eventually PEG20,000: filamentous growth with 20 w/v%, pelleted growth (nonionic PEG20,000 filamentous growth, with 0-10 w/v%; CMC: filamentous growth with 2.0 w/v%, and anionic CMC) reduction in spore pellets formed with 0-1.5 w/v%; different optima for product titer; agglomeration, no exact diameters given; shake flask; 1.3 × 10 6 spores/L inoculum; increase in broth viscosity P. chrysogenum (85) (lower oxygen solubility)…”