Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is characterized by variable clinical features, different durations, and several previously unheard-of late complications. Knowledge about this infection is constantly evolving.The aim of the study is to present selected cases of the most common symptoms of long COVID in the oral cavity.Among the 1,256 studied patients, 32% of them had discoloration, ulceration, and hemorrhagic changes on the oral mucosa, 29.69% had mycosis located on the tongue, 25.79% of patients had aphthous-like lesions on the hard palate, and in 12.5% atrophic cheilitis was observed. During the anamnesis, approximately 60% of patients reported salivary secretory disorders in the initial period of infection, which is 6.68% prolonged up to 4 months after systemic symptoms disappeared. In an extreme case, an aphthous-like lesion was located on the hard palate, which persisted for 6 months. Approximately 36% of patients did not agree to the proposed treatment. As a result, they only received recommendations on the use of oral hygiene products and received weekly check-ups. In this group of patients, most pathological changes spontaneously cleared after 3 weeks. The elderly with coexisting diseases, persons with a more severe SARS-CoV-2, and hospitalized patients had more extensive and severe lesions in the oral cavity that persisted for a long time after infection.In patients after the SARS-CoV-2 infection and suspected of this infection, a detailed intraoral examination should be performed, and the patient must be obligatorily monitored for a minimum period of 6 months. Depending on the patient's clinical condition, changes in the oral cavity require observation, basic or specialist treatment. In the case of changes in the cavity without pain symptoms, observation should be made for approximately 4 weeks and wait for the spontaneous regression of the changes. However, when pain occurs, a good solution is to use laser biostimulation. In the case of complex pathological changes occurring in the oral cavity, the patient should be directed for specialist treatment.
Introduction: Hypodontia of the upper lateral incisors can be treated with an implant-supported denture, fixed and removable denture, and orthodontic procedures. Due to fast effect of the treatment and relatively low cost, one of the possible therapeutic options is an adhesive bridge. Objectives: The aim of the study was to present the clinical effects of the use of adhesive bridges in the treatment of agenesis of the upper lateral incisors during 12 years of observation. Material and methods: The study included 13 adhesive bridges that were used in patients aged 18-30. The bridges were clinically and radiologically evaluated every 6 months in the first year of use, and then every year for a period of 12 years. In the 10th year of follow-up, patients participated in a survey measuring their satisfaction with the thera peutic method. Results: In the first 6 years, there was no aberration from the acceptable state in any case assessed. In the 7 th and 10 th year of observation, 2 fiber-reinforced composite bridges (FRC) were lost. Maryland bridges achieved a full clinical success after 12 years of use, despite slight color disharmony in relation to neighboring teeth and the necessity of re-cementing 1 bridge, while FRC bridges showed clinical efficiency of 55.55%. Conclusions:The results obtained indicate that adhesive bridges can be used as long-term restoration in the treatment of hypodontia of the upper lateral incisors. The conditions determining their application are the absence of carious lesions of the abutment teeth, a large adhesive surface within the enamel, and particularly good oral hygiene.
Congenital absence of maxillary tooth germs in adults is a serious problem. Basic treatment includes orthodontic and/or implantoprosthetic procedures. The aim of the study is to present possible therapeutic procedures in the treatment of hypodontia of maxillary teeth in complex anatomical and biological conditions in adult patients. The study presents two cases of orthodontic treatment and implant-prosthetic rehabilitation of maxillary hypodontia. In the first case, after obtaining space with fixed braces, a decision was made to insert a mini implant at the site of the missing upper right lateral incisor, on which a porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crown was fixed. In the second case, after the expected effect of orthodontic treatment was achieved, the missing upper right lateral incisor and the missing upper right first bicuspid were restored with a PFM bridge, while the other missing upper left bicuspid was restored with a PFM bridge based on the implant. In the presented cases, effective orthodontic treatment was followed by an implant-prosthetic technique with the use of mini implants and fixed dentures, which allowed morphological, functional, and esthetic restoration of missing teeth. Both patients have had the restorations for 10 years and so far, have reported no functional or esthetic problems. The applied orthodontic treatment and implant-prosthetic rehabilitation fulfilled the esthetic and functional needs of the patients. It must be emphasized that a treatment of an adult person with hypodontia may be disturbed by unforeseen circumstances, which may require corrections of the initial treatment plan.
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