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Container shipping is the largest producer of emissions within the maritime shipping industry. Hence, measures have been designed and implemented to reduce ship emission levels. IMO’s MARPOL Annex VI, with its future plan of applying Tier III requirements, the Energy Efficiency Design Index for new ships, and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan for all ships. To assist policy formulation and follow-up, this study applies an energy consumption approach to estimate container ship emissions. The volumes of sulphur oxide (SOx), nitrous oxide (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from container ships are estimated using 2018 datasets on container shipping and average vessel speed records generated via AIS. Furthermore, the estimated reductions in SOx, NOx, PM, and CO2 are mapped for 2020. The empirical analysis demonstrates that the energy consumption approach is a valuable method to estimate ongoing emission reductions on a continuous basis and to fill data gaps where needed, as the latest worldwide container shipping emissions records date back to 2015. The presented analysis supports early-stage detection of environmental impacts in container shipping and helps to determine in which areas the greatest potential for emission reductions can be found.

Poor waste management is increasingly becoming a major challenge for municipalities, globally. Unlike previous waste management studies in Nigeria, this study examines the implications of waste management to regional greenhouse gas emissions based on awareness levels and perception of urban inhabitants. Benin City was divided into four residential zones: core, intermediate, suburban, and planned estates. Blocking was utilized to collect data from a total of 2720 randomly selected inhabitants through a self-administered survey. Results reveals low awareness level in terms of indiscrimination dumping of waste, thereby promoting sustainable mitigation and adaptation measures region-wide. It is imperative to integrate various aspects of regional government services such as infrastructure, urban planning and development, socioeconomics, public health, and regulation enforcement. Waste management policy is strengthened via working groups, community, and regional authorities.

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For centuries Europe's transport has been a catalyst for economic development. At present, it facilitates exchange among European Union (EU) Member States and much of the rest of the world. Maritime transport forms the main axis of international exchange, carrying ∼90% of total traded tonnage. In doing so, it bears responsibility for 2.5% of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions. The efforts to reduce negative environmental impact of transport activity is centered on better modal integration of the common transport system, sustainability, green technologies in the transport sector, resource efficiency, and carbon emissions reduction. The International Maritime Organization has tasked its members to achieve a 70% reduction in CO 2 emissions by 2050 or, if possible, to eliminate them altogether. From a business end, it is possible to apply a variety of technologies to ensure zero-emissions or, at the least, a dramatic reduction of emissions in the shipping sector. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the strategic approach to the decarbonization process based on EU strategic documents and low-emission and zero-emission technologies, used and developed, in maritime transport. An estimation of external costs incurred by maritime transport will allow for the assessment of benefits resulting from the application of technologies and alternative fuels proposed in the solutions. On the basis of the obtained results from the external cost valuation it will be possible to estimate the potential for decarbonization in maritime transport.

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The development of transport sector is very closely linked to the process of socio-economic development. The interrelations between transport and economic growth are complex and there are many feedbacks. Transport has a vital role – it brings the markets closer together, increases production, activates regions around the infrastructure, enabling other sectors to function smoothly. Transport is also the source of many significant negative externalities for the environment, society and economy. It also turns out that, despite many years of experience in the study of the external effects and costs of transport, there are still large discrepancies in approaches and research methods, as well as terminology and rules for defining the concepts. The aim of this article is to review available studies on the estimation of external costs and to estimate these costs for transport in Poland using methods recommended by the European Commission. Knowledge of the cost external of transport is the basis for the internalisation of these costs and it allow to choose the most effective transport policy instruments.

European societies today face many sustainability challenges including but not limited to youth unemployment, aging populations, climate change, pollution, sustainable energy and migration. These problems are especially evident in cities. The objectives of smart development and integrated planning in European cities have been presented in the Europe 2020 strategy. It assumes restoration of European cities through stimulating innovation. In the socio-economic dimension, this means supporting the development of intelligent cities, often referred to as Smart Cities. According to the Smart City definition it is a city with the ability to adapt to the changing socio-economic conditions. This feature is extremely important in times of constant change. Progressing urbanization, globalization, technology transfer to everyday life and dwindling natural capital are the reasons why urban development is increasingly dependent on such factors as advanced technologies or territorial capital, understood as the available material and immaterial resources that determine the functioning of a given area. One of the Smart City components is intelligent transport. Improving mobility, ensuring accessibility and decreasing traffic congestion are some of the greatest challenges facing smart cities today. To respond to these challenges many city planners are glancing at smart transport solutions to reduce congestion as well as to optimize the use of city public transport. The aim of this article is to identify the challenges faced by European cities nowadays, present transport as a component of the Smart City and show its role in implementing the Smart City concept. The author presents European actions in terms of city mobility and recognizes their role in attaining the 11th SDG. Particular attention is paid to cities of the new Member States. Some examples of activities undertaken and tools used by authorities of European cities will be cited as examples of good practices. An analysis of the conditions for the transferability of such a solution will be included in the article.