Resumo: Nesse artigo, pretendemos mostrar como um certo ideal de índio permeia as utopias indigenistas do Estado brasileiro e como a política de isolamento, influenciada por esses ideais, apresenta suas idiossincrasias e contradições. Apresentamos um estudo sobre os conflitos recentes na Terra Indígena Vale do Javari (AM) que levaram à morte violenta de índios Korubo e Matis, considerados pelo governo respectivamente como "isolados" e de "recente contato". Analisamos a história do conflito a partir das narrativas indigenistas e dos indígenas. Observamos as formas como os servidores da FUNAI procuram ignorar e negar o direito à autodeterminação indígena e como procuram obliterar o papel e a presença do Estado nas relações interétnicas na região. Concluimos que um possível diálogo parece ser o primeiro passo para pôr fim a uma política de "índios ignorados". O ideal de isolamento não pode se sobrepor à auto-determinação: o conceito é fragilmente sustentado em uma ideia romântica e contraditória de índios que vivem totalmente à margem de processos históricos, como se não sofressem e reagissem às pressões do velho (neo)desenvolvimento promovido pelo Estado e pela presença de frentes expansionistas como madeireiros, construtoras de barragens ou petroleiras.Palavras-chave: índios isolados; recente contato; indigenismo; Matis; Korubo; Terra Indígena Vale do Javari. Abstract:We set out to show in this paper how a particular ideal about indigenous people permeates the Brazilian indigenist utopia and how the indigenous policies concerning isolated indians present their contradictions and idiosyncrases, influenced by these ideals. We present a study on the recent conflicts that took place in the Vale do Javari Indigenous Land (AM) and that resulted in violent deaths of Korubo and Matis people, respectively considered by the Brazilian government as "isolated" and "of recent contact" indians. We analyse this conflict history from both indigenist and indigenous narratives. We observe how the FUNAI (Indians' Affair Governmental Office) employees have tried to ignore and to deny the indigenous' rights to self-determination and how they tried to obliterate the role and the presence of the Brazilian state in the regional interethnical relations. We conclude that a possible dialogue could be the first step to end a public policy that has led to ignoring and isolating these indigenous groups. We argue that isolation ideal can not be dominant over the indigenous people right to self determination: this concept is weakly supported in a romantic and contradictory idea of indigeous people that live totally allien and marginal to historical processes, as if they would not suffer and resist the pressure of the old (neo)developmentism promoted by the State and by the presence of expansionist frontiers such as loggers, dam builders or oil companies.
Studies showed that Brazilian Amazon indigenous territories (ITs) are efficient models for preserving forests by reducing deforestation, fires, and related carbon emissions. Considering the importance of ITs for conserving socio-environmental and cultural diversity and the recent climb in the Brazilian Amazon deforestation, we used official remote sensing datasets to analyze deforestation inside and outside indigenous territories within Brazil's Amazon biome during the 2013–2021 period. Deforestation has increased by 129% inside ITs since 2013, followed by an increase in illegal mining areas. In 2019–2021, deforestation was 195% higher and 30% farther from the borders towards the interior of indigenous territories than in previous years (2013–2018). Furthermore, about 59% of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions within ITs in 2013–2021 (96 million tons) occurred in the last three years of analyzed years, revealing the magnitude of increasing deforestation to climate impacts. Therefore, curbing deforestation in indigenous territories must be a priority for the Brazilian government to secure these peoples' land rights, ensure the forests' protection and regulate the global climate.
No abstract
Studies showed that Brazilian Amazon indigenous territories (Its) are efficient models for preserving forests by reducing deforestation, fires, and related carbon emissions. Here, we used official remote sensing datasets to analyze deforestation inside and outside indigenous territories within Brazil's Amazon biome in the 2013-2021 period. We found that deforestation has increased by 129% inside ITs since 2013, followed by an increase in illegal mining areas. In the 2019-2021 period, deforestation was 195% higher and 30% further from the borders towards the interior of indigenous territories than in previous years (2013-2018). Furthermore, about 59% of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions within ITs in the 2013-2021 period (96 million tons) occurred in the last three years of analyzed years, revealing the magnitude of increasing deforestation to climate impacts. Therefore, curbing deforestation in indigenous territories must be a priority for the Brazilian government to secure these peoples' land rights, ensure the forests' protection and regulate the global climate.
Assistimos em nível internacional ao auge de políticas e movimentos conservadores com ênfase na exaltação dos papéis dos gêneros tradicionais e no combate à assim chamada “ideologia de gênero” ao mesmo tempo em que parece ganhar força o chamado à defesa das identidades nacionais e das fronteiras, das famílias tradicionais, e da vida do nascituro em contra do aborto. Este artigo trata da experiência de extensão, pesquisa e educação sobre gênero e sexualidade, desenvolvida por uma universidade federal brasileira em uma cidade do interior do Paraná, localizada na tríplice fronteira do Brasil com Argentina e Paraguai. É importante notar que o Paraná é um estado considerado como extremamente conservador. Consideramos que iniciativas que incidem diretamente nas comunidades escolares, como as descritas neste artigo, se configuram como espaços pedagógicos de resistência, onde são trilhados caminhos possíveis para contribuir na criação de espaços educativos onde preconceito e discriminações por razões de gênero e sexualidade sejam problematizados e eliminados. Consideramos, além disso, que especialmente nesses tempos atuais de ataques globais aos direitos das mulheres, lésbicas, gays, pessoas trans e aos direitos humanos, é fundamental que, em nível local, continuem existindo e resistindo espaços de promoção a reflexão e à desconstrução de estruturas opressoras.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.