-The purpose of the experiment was to evaluate the long-term effect of a low roughage diet (7-8 % CF) with or without sulphur (S) supplementation (elemental and sodium sulphate 1:1) on basal dietary components, Zn, Cu and S availability, rumen metabolism and health in growing sheep. The control diet contained 0.2 % and the supplemented diet 0.8 % of S on a DM basis. The experiment lasted 12 weeks. The intake of the diet with 0.8 % of S resulted in an increase in rumen acetic acid concentration. Rumen lactic acid concentrations in S-supplemented versus control sheep were higher in the first and lower in the third month, and decreased at the end of the third month of the experiment in both groups. Blood plasma pyruvate was lower at the end of the experiment in S-supplemented sheep than in control sheep. In the 5th week of the experiment, the high S diet depressed basal nutritional components as well as Zn and Cu availability.
I . The purpose of the experiments was to determine, certain properties of the metabolism of nitrogen compounds and carbohydrates in the rumen and tissues of growing bulls which were given either a diet containing sugar-beet silage, a urea-mineral preparation and hay or a control diet with maize silage, ground barley and hay. Daily rations were given in two equal portions twice daily at 0 7 m hours and 13.00 hours. The experiment lasted 182 d.2. The experimental diet containing 0.54 g urea and 5.0 g saccharose/kg body-weight did not cause any symptoms of toxicity in the animals although there were large changes in the concentration of metabolites in the forestomach. The lowest pH (6.2-6.4) in the rumen of animals in the experimental group was observed 1.5 h after feeding. At the same time the highest level of lactic acid was observed, but the highest level of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was observed 3 h after feeding. Although there was a large increase in ammonia in the rumen contents (approximately 20 mmol/l a t 1.5 h after feeding) an increase in the blood level of ammonia was not observed. 3. A lower level of acetic acid and higher level of butyric acid and valeric acid were observed in the rumen of animals given sugar-beet silage than in animals given maize silage and ground barley. Non-glucogenic ratio of VFA in the rumen of bulls after feeding the experimental diet was approximately 3.5 while on the control diet the value was considerably higher.4. The causes of the low concentration of glucose in the blood and changes in other metabolites in the blood of experimental animals are discussed. The main purpose of the present experiment was to investigate rumen metabolism and its influence on tissue metabolism in bulls given sugar-beet silage and a urea-mineral concentrate as the main sources of energy and nitrogen respectively. E X P E R I M E N T A L AnimalsBlack and White Lowland bulls weighing an average of 231 kg, divided into three groups of five were fed three different diets for 182 d. Group I was given sugar-beet silage, urea-mineral concentrate and hay, group 2 was given sugar-beet silage, ground barley, urea-mineral concentrate and hay, group 3 was given maize silage, ground barley urea-mineral concentrate and hay. All diets were equalized with regard to crude protein (nitrogen ~6 . 2 5 ) content
Summary Studies were conducted on 120 Wistar rats divided into two groups, one given a diet containing 15% casein and 3% ammonium acetate (I) and the other a similar diet without ammonium acetate (II). The animals were fed these diets ad libitum for seven days. Each group was additionally divided into four sub‐groups which received: a) alloxan at 200 mg./kg. body weight subcutaneously 120 h before killing, b) insulin lente at 4 IU/kg. body weight subcutaneously 13 h before killing, c) treatment a + b, and d) undosed controls. The diet containing ammonium acetate decreased, while insulin increased, plasma immunoreactive insulin. Alloxan inhibited feed intake, increased body weight loss and increased the plasma urea level. Both the ammonium acetate diet and alloxan treatment increased the liver ornithine aminotransferase (KTO) activity. KTO activity in the liver was positively correlated with the plasma urea level. Zusammenfassung Hemmungseffekt von Ammoniumacetat im Futter auf den Insulinspiegel im Plasma von Ratten 120 Wistar‐Ratten wurden in 2 Gruppen geteilt. Die 1. Gruppe erhielt Futter, welches 15% Kasein und 3% Ammoniumacetat enthielt, die 2. Gruppe das gleiche Futter ohne Ammoniumacetat. Die Tiere erhielten diese Diäten ad libitum während 7 Tagen. Jede Gruppe wurde zudem in 4 Untergruppen (a, b, c, d) geteilt. Die 4 Untergruppen wurden wie folgt behandelt: a) Alloxan 200 mg/kg Körpergewicht; b) Insulin lente 4 IU/kg Körpergewicht subkutan 13 h vor dem Töten; c) Behandlung nach a + b; d) unbehandelte Kontrollen. Das Futter mit Ammoniumacetat reduzierte das immunreaktive Insulin des Plasmas, während Insulin das eben erwähnte Hormon erhöhte. Alloxan hemmte die Futteraufnahme, verstärkte die Abnahme des Körpergewichtes und erhöhte den Harnstoffspiegel im Plasma. Sowohl die Behandlung mit Ammoniumacetat als auch Alloxan erhöhte die Aktivität der Ornithinaminotransferase (KTO) der Leber. Die KTO‐Aktivität in der Leber war positiv mit dem Plasmaharnstoffspiegel korreliert. Résumé Effet d'inhibition de l'acétate d'ammonium dans l'aliment sur le taux d'insuline du plasma chez des rats 120 rats Wistar ont été répartis dans deux groupes. Le premier groupe a reçu un aliment contenant 15% de caséine et 3% d'acétate d'ammonium, le deuxième groupe recevant le même aliment sans acétate d'ammonium. Ces animaux ont reçu cette alimentation ad libitum durant sept jours. Chaque groupe fut divisé en quatre sous‐groupes (a, b, c, d). Les quatre sous‐groupes furent traités de la manière suivante: a) Alloxan 200 mg/kg de poids; b) Insuline lente 4 IU/kg de poids par voie sous‐cutanée 13 h avant le sacrifice; uc) Traitement après a + b; d) Contrôles non traités. L'aliment contenant l'acétate d'ammonium a diminué l'insuline immunoréactive du plasma alors que l'insuline elle‐même a augmenté. L'alloxan nhiba l'appétit, augmenta la perte de poids et éleva le taux d'urée dans le plasma. Le traitement à l'acétate d'ammonium comme celui à l'alloxan ont augmenté l'activité de l'ornithine — aminotransférase (KTO) dans le foie. L'activité KTO...
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