Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a life-threatening disease. It could be preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). It was confirmed that chronic inflammation can promote carcinogenesis. Cytokines play a crucial role in this process. The aim of the study was to evaluate interleukin-1alpha (IL-1α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in tissue specimens and saliva of patients with OSCC and OPMDs. Methods: Cytokines were evaluated in 60 tissue specimens of pathological lesions (OSCCs or OPMDs) and in 7 controls (normal oral mucosa, NOM) by immunohistochemistry and in saliva of 45 patients with OSCC or OPMDs and 9 controls (healthy volunteers) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly higher expression of IL-8 in OSCC specimens and TNF-α in OSCCs and OPMDs with dysplasia as compared to NOM. Moreover, expression of TNF-α was significantly higher in oral leukoplakia and oral lichen planus without dysplasia, whereas expression of IL-8 only in oral leukoplakia without dysplasia in comparison with NOM. Salivary concentrations of all evaluated cytokines were significantly higher in patients with OSCC than in controls. Moreover, levels of IL-8 were significantly higher in saliva of patients with OPMDs with dysplasia as compared to controls and in OSCC patients as compared to patients with dysplastic lesions. There was also significant increase in salivary concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in patients with OSCC as compared to patients with OPMDs without dysplasia. Conclusion: The study confirmed that proinflammatory, NF-kappaB dependent cytokines are involved in pathogenesis of OPMDs and OSCC. The most important biomarker of malignant transformation process within oral mucosa among all assessed cytokines seems to be IL-8. Further studies on a larger sample size are needed to corroborate these results.
IntroductIon Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease of the entire gastrointestinal tract. Its etiology is unknown. The disease manifests itself with exacerbation (and then remission) of such symptoms as abdominal pain, fever, and weight loss, and is associated with many general and gastrointestinal complications. 1 Therapy involves the use of mesalazine and azathioprine. In active CD, corticosteroids and anti-tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) are introduced. 2,3 Since the first description of inflammatory lesions in the oral cavity of patients with CD, it has been well established that the mouth may be involved in the disease. 4 The prevalence of oral lesions is particularly common in children (48%-80%) compared with adults (0.5%-20%), but only a small proportion of lesions with granulomatous inflammation is characteristic of oral CD. 5-10 Nonspecific lesions, including aphthous stomatitis, ulcerations, and atrophic glossitis,
The diagnosis of oral lichen planus (OLP) is based on clinical examination and histopathological criteria. Noninvasive diagnostics of saliva may be considered as a confirmation of OLP diagnosis and a potential alternative to an invasive method. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the level of tyrosine (Tyr) as well as antioxidants like uric acid (UA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the saliva of patients with OLP in comparison with the control group (healthy subjects without any oral changes). A total of 40 patients with OLP and 40 healthy volunteers were selected for the study based on the modified WHO diagnostic (clinical and histopathological) criteria. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed for Tyr concentration, while GPx activity and uric acid levels were determined by a colorimetric method. The concentrations of Tyr, UA, and GPx activity were statistically lowered in OLP patients compared to the control group. All examined parameters correlated strongly and positively with each other. Mean values of salivary UA concentrations differed between the groups of OLP patients (reticular and erosive forms) and controls (206.66 vs. 196.54 vs. 218.49 μmol/L, respectively, p = 0.001). A similar trend was demonstrated in salivary Tyr concentration which differed statistically between the study and control groups (0.08 vs. 0.07 vs. 0.13 μmol/L, respectively, p = 0.001). Determining of a relationship between the concentrations of Tyr, UA, and GPx activity may be useful in the prognosis of OLP. The HPLC method may be employed, as an additional noninvasive diagnostic procedure to screen OLP patients, during the routine diagnostics of salivary biochemical parameters such as aromatic amino acids.
Introduction: Lichen planus is a chronic skin and oral mucosa disease. Coexistence of the oral form of lichen planus with diabetes and hypertension was described for the first time by Grinspan in 1963. Case description: Two cases of the occurrence of lichen planus in patients with diagnosed diabetes and hypertension (Grinspan's syndrome) are presented. In the first case, diabetes and hypertension treatment were accompanied by lesions in the oral cavity and on the skin of shins. In the other case, lichen planus type lesions were manifested only in the oral cavity. Conclusions: The aetiology of lichen planus remains unclear to some extent. Detailed diagnostics is based on clinical examination, general medical history and histopathological findings. The risk of malignant transformation of oral lichen planus ranges from 0.4 to 5.3% and it regards mainly the erosive form. Regular follow-up visits and oncological vigilance constitute an inseparable part of treatment.
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