Proinflammatory cytokines in the saliva of patients with active and non-active Crohn's disease

Szczeklik, Katarzyna; Owczarek, Danuta; Pytko-Polończyk, Jolanta; Kęsek, Barbara; Mach, Tomasz

doi:10.20452/pamw.1256

Cited by 43 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Similarly, elevated salivary IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in CD patients and an elevated IL-8 level in the saliva of patients with bowel disease were also reported. 58,59 Unexpectedly, the elevated level of inflammatory biomarkers in UC patients was similar to or slightly higher than that observed in CD patients, regardless of differences in disease states between IBD patients (Supplementary Fig. S4 and Table S5).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Dysbiosis of Salivary Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Association With Oral Immunological Biomarkers

et al. 2013

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Analysis of microbiota in various biological and environmental samples under a variety of conditions has recently become more practical due to remarkable advances in next-generation sequencing. Changes leading to specific biological states including some of the more complex diseases can now be characterized with relative ease. It is known that gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mainly Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, exhibiting symptoms in the gastrointestinal tract. Recent studies also showed increased frequency of oral manifestations among IBD patients, indicating aberrations in the oral microbiota. Based on these observations, we analyzed the composition of salivary microbiota of 35 IBD patients by 454 pyrosequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and compared it with that of 24 healthy controls (HCs). The results showed that Bacteroidetes was significantly increased with a concurrent decrease in Proteobacteria in the salivary microbiota of IBD patients. The dominant genera, Streptococcus, Prevotella, Neisseria, Haemophilus, Veillonella, and Gemella, were found to largely contribute to dysbiosis (dysbacteriosis) observed in the salivary microbiota of IBD patients. Analysis of immunological biomarkers in the saliva of IBD patients showed elevated levels of many inflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulin A, and a lower lysozyme level. A strong correlation was shown between lysozyme and IL-1β levels and the relative abundance of Streptococcus, Prevotella, Haemophilus and Veillonella. Our data demonstrate that dysbiosis of salivary microbiota is associated with inflammatory responses in IBD patients, suggesting that it is possibly linked to dysbiosis of their gut microbiota.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Dysbiosis of Salivary Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Association With Oral Immunological Biomarkers

et al. 2013

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“…TNF-a has been shown to lead to a reduced olfactory regeneration [47]. Increased levels of circulating TNF-a [48] are present in IBD patients' serum and saliva [49]; therefore, a comparable pathomechanism can be assumed for the effects seen in this study. Recent genetic data [50] suggest a substantial overlap of genetic susceptibility in IBD, as well as other autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis and ankylosing spondylitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Smell and Taste in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

et al. 2013

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ObjectiveTo investigate the olfactory/gustatory functions of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by smell/taste tests, and to determine if disease activity or medication might influence the olfactory/gustatory functions of patients.Patients and MethodsIn total, 59 IBD patients (37 Crohn's disease (CD) and 22 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients) were studied using “Sniffin' sticks” and “taste strips” for olfactory and gustatory tests, respectively, and compared to healthy controls and published normative data.ResultsAmong IBD (CD and UC) patients, the values for odor threshold, but not for odor identification or discrimination, were significantly lower than that of the normative data. Further, these patients showed lower values than the normative taste values and the control group for all tastes, except sour; 57.6% of the IBD patients were hyposmic, while 30.5% were hypogeusic. Subjective self-assessments showed that the patients were not aware of their reduced olfactory/gustatory functions. There were no relevant differences in taste and smell abilities between the CD and UC patients. Disease activity and treatment did not influence the olfactory/gustatory functions.ConclusionIBD (CD and UC) patients exhibited significant reductions in the olfactory and gustatory functions. Therefore, patients should be tested by smell/taste tests, in order to be adequately informed of their olfactory/gustatory functions and provided an understanding of how to overcome their limitations, and thus improve their quality of life.

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“…Szczeklik et al . have found elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in the saliva of patients with active CD along with manifestation of the specific oral lesions [48]. Similarly, Nielsen et al .…”

Section: Oral Manifestations Of Ibdsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In patients with active CD, salivary IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were higher than in patients with inactive disease and controls. Elevated salivary IL-6 and TNF-α levels correlate with specific oral lesions [29]. Results of our study have shown higher concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 as well as levels of IL-6/TGF-β and IL-17/TGF-β ratios in patients with CD compared to patients with UC, indicating a predominance of pro-inflammatory Th-1 and Th-17 immune response in CD (summarized in Table 1) [10].…”

Section: Immunological Background Of Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between the immune system and oral manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease: a review

Vasovic¹,

Gajovic²,

Brajković³

et al. 2016

cejoi

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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic, relapsing inflammatory diseases characterized by exacerbations and remissions of the gastrointestinal tract, clinically manifested as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The etiology of IBDs is considered to be multi factorial, comprising environmental, immune, microbial and genetic factors. Clinical signs may include abdominal pain, frequent bloody diarrheas, mucorrhea, vomiting, fever, fatigue or weight loss. Changes in the oral cavity often precede intestinal symptoms. Inflammatory bowel disease leads to a significant deterioration of oral health, which indicates that cooperation between the dentist and the gastroenterologist is necessary when considering patients’ welfare. Patients with IBD have an altered immune response, but microorganisms of the oral cavity may also be responsible for its modification.This review paper discusses the correlation between the immune system and inflammatory bowel disease manifestations in the oral cavity.

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Proinflammatory cytokines in the saliva of patients with active and non-active Crohn's disease

Cited by 43 publications

References 25 publications

Dysbiosis of Salivary Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Association With Oral Immunological Biomarkers

Dysbiosis of Salivary Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Association With Oral Immunological Biomarkers

Smell and Taste in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The relationship between the immune system and oral manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease: a review

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