A 10‐month‐old, male entire Rhodesian Ridgeback was presented with a 1‐week history of vomiting, small and large intestinal diarrhoea, hyporexia and weight loss. Physical examination revealed a palpable abdominal mass. Abdominal ultrasonography and contrast computed tomography demonstrated multiple cystic masses of varied size and wall thickness with no appreciable origin. An exploratory laparotomy revealed multiple mass lesions throughout the mesentery, located adjacent to blood vessels and varying in size from approximately 2 mm up to 13 cm in diameter. In histologic sections, the nodular structures resembled thick‐walled arteries. Immunohistochemistry confirmed positive cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for von Willebrand factor, CD31 and smooth muscle actin. This is, to the authors’ knowledge, the first case of disseminated peritoneal angiomatosis with arterial differentiation in the dog. The dog was euthanased due to the progressive nature of the mass lesions.
A 2.5‐year‐old, female, entire Labrador retriever presented with right‐sided head tilt, vestibular ataxia and right‐sided masticatory muscle atrophy. The most likely neuroanatomical localisation was the right‐sided brainstem involving the vestibular system and also the trigeminal nerve. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography revealed enlargement of the right trigeminal nerve and osteolysis of the corresponding innervated maxillary bone. Histopathological analysis confirmed a malignant nerve sheath tumour of the trigeminal nerve that adhered, infiltrated, invaded and fragmented the bone. This is the first report and imaging description of maxillary osteolysis secondary to nerve sheath tumour in a dog.
A 6‐year old, male, neutered German shepherd dog, with a bodyweight of 58 kg, was presented for investigation of relapsing dysuria following 2 years of adequate medical control of suspected detrusor urethral dyssynergia. During retrograde contrast urethrocystography, contrast media was visible in the prostatic vessels and caudal vena cava, suggesting rapid vascular uptake. Postmortem histopathological evaluation of the prostate was consistent with pyogranulomatous prostatitis.
OBJECTIVESIn humans, lesions of the pituitary gland occur in around 10-24% of patients undergoing cranial MRI for reasons unconnected to pituitary disease. These 'incidentalomas' have yet to be described in dogs.Our objective was to determine the incidence of pituitary abnormalities in dogs undergoing cranial MRI without clinical suspicion of pituitary disease. METHODSA retrospective study was conducted using cranial MRIs from 700 dogs. Indications for performing MRIs in these dogs were a mixture of clinical signs, both consistent with and inconsistent with pituitary disease. Images were reviewed by a board-certified radiologist and an imaging intern under direct supervision. The medical records were reviewed by a board-certified internist. Inclusion of a non-contrast axial T1-weighted sequence within the study was mandatory. RESULTSOf the 700 dogs, 154 pituitary abnormalities were found in 133 dogs. Cystic lesions occurred in 35 dogs, 25 had subjectively partially empty sellae/borderline enlarged pituitaries, 19 had a "V"/heart-shaped hypophysis, 15 had neurohypophyseal displacement, 15 had atypical contrast uptake, 12 had a mass in the sellar region, 2 an abnormality of unclear origin, and 1 had hypophysitis. Hypophyseal abnormalities noted in 30 dogs were considered due to technical issues with the MRI protocol. Of the 133 dogs with abnormalities, 121 dogs had no reported signs of pituitary disease. STATEMENT (CONCLUSIONS)To our knowledge this is the first large-scale study describing the 'incidental' pituitary abnormalities on MRI in dogs and has revealed a similar incidence as that reported in humans. Ultrasound of the canine cervical oesophagusBarbara Jardim Gomes, Megan Cooper Murphy, Virginia Gamino, Timothy Parkin, Martin Sullivan, Alison King University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom OBJECTIVESTo determine the sonographic appearance and measurements of the cervical oesophagus in normal and symptomatic dogs. METHODSSeven canine cadavers, ten healthy staff owned dogs and eleven client owned dogs with vomiting and regurgitation were examined.Transcutaneous ultrasonography of the cervical oesophagus was performed using a left lateral approach. Wall thickness measurements were performed in two planes and wall layers identified. In the cadavers, the oesophagus was also resected, scanned in water and submitted for histology. The histological and ultrasonographic appearances were compared.In live dogs, correlation of body weight, age and breed with mean wall thickness was calculated using the Pearson correlation coefficient (P<0.05). Regression analysis between mean oesophageal wall thickness and body weight was also performed. RESULTSTranscutaneous ultrasonography allowed visualisation of the entire cervical oesophagus with either five or seven wall layers identified. These corresponded with the histological findings. The ultrasonographic wall thickness measurements were consistently lower than values in the histologic examinations. There was a significant association between body weight and ultrasonogra...
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