The effectiveness of enteral and parenteral nutrition regimens in preventing or reversing protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and in preventing treatment delays was evaluated in 32 children receiving treatment for newly diagnosed Stage 111 (3 patients) and IV (29 patients) neuroblastoma. Ten of 18 malnourished patients were randomized to central parenteral nutrition (CPN) and 8 to peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) plus enteral nutrition for 4 weeks and then received enteral nutrition (EN: intense nutrition counselling, oral foods and supplements) for weeks 5 through 10. Ten of 14 nourished patients received EN and 4 CPN for 4 weeks and EN thereafter. Dietary, anthropometric and biochemical measurements were determined for weeks 0, 1,2,3,4,7, and 10 for 24 patients who completed the protocols. In malnourished patients, both CPN (seven patients) and P P N (seven patients) were effective in reversing P E M in the first 4 weeks; thereafter, EN effectively maintained nutritional gains in both groups. In nourished patients, EN (seven patients) was not as effective as CPN (three patients) in preventing P E M during the first 4 weeks; afterwards, EN maintained gains in the CPN group but did not promote needed increases in weight nor fat reserves in the EN group. Patients supported by parenteral nutrition (PN, weeks 1-4) had fewer treatment delays (2/17, 12%) than EN patients (4/7,57%, P < 0.05). These data indicate that PN reverses or prevents P E M and prevents treatment delays during the first 4 weeks of intense oncologic treatment and provides nutritional benefits which can be maintained with EN thereafter.Cancer 56:2881-2897. 1985.lTHIN the last decade, multimodal treatment has W vastly improved the outcome of many children with cancer. Prognosis for children with advanced neuroblastoma, however, continues to be discouragingly poor.

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Vector-boson scattering processes are at the heart of the physics program of the CERN Large Hadron Collider. This short contribution aims at giving a review on recent precision calculations for this important class of reactions. After a survey of fixed-order perturbative calculations the status of their matching to parton-shower programs is summarized. A brief outlook on new avenues in the exploration of vector-boson scattering completes the contribution.