Family businesses have the potential to be especially productive environments for women. However, as carriers of family culture and processes that may contain gender bias, they can also be the last bastion of resistance to cultural change.
This paper reviews the development of thinking about the family firm in four major areas of focus, and discusses the contributions and limitations of each approach.
Twenty women who were phobic to snakes, spiders, or rats were individually evaluated for hypnotic susceptibility using the standard audiotaped version of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A. Consistent with the findings of three earlier studies using similar methods for measuring hypnotizability but not with a recent study using the Hypnotic Induction Profile (HIP), 55% of the present sample was found to be highly responsive to hypnosis. An item analysis comparing item pass percentages for the phobic subjects with item difficulties obtained from a normative sample of 357 female college students indicated that the two samples were significantly correlated. The discrepancy between the findings of studies using standard measures of hypnotizability and studies using HIP is discussed.Hypnotic susceptibility is a stable characteristic of the individual. It has been reported regularly that approximately 10% to 15% of the population are highly susceptible, 10% to 15% are unresponsive, and the remaining 70% to 80% are moderately susceptible in varying degrees to hypnosis (Hilgard, 1965;Perry, 1977). Although these susceptibility data come from both college and undifferentiated clinical populations, some recent reports indicate that specific clinical groups may be characterized by higher degrees of hypnotic susceptibility than the general population. There is the further suggestion that high susceptibility may even predispose an individual unable to cope successfully with stress to a phobic disorder.Frankel and Orne (1976) found that 58% of a group of 24 phobic patients were highly responsive to hypnosis when evaluated on the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS:A; Shor & E. Orne, 1962). In addition, Gerschman, Burrows, Reade, and Foenander (1979) obtained similar results for dental phobics-48% of their This research was carried out while the third author was in receipt of Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada Grant R6361 (Cognitive Patterns in Hypnosis). The second author holds an NSERC postgraduate scholarship. NSERC's continued support is gratefully acknowledged.Special thanks also go to David Andres for statistical consultation, Joyce D'Eon, Jean-Roch Laurence, and Kevin McConkey for their critical reading of the manuscript during its preparation, and to Elizabeth Chau and Dorothy Redhead for their careful typing of successive drafts.Requests for reprints should be sent to Campbell
On the basis of the theory that there is a systemic nature to eating disorders, a program is proposed that outlines a treatment approach in which parents are active participants. The use of formal contracts is set forth as a means for negotiating change within the family system. The proposed model for contracting is derived from the elements contained in God's covenant with his elected people and provides a theological basis for that model.
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