The patterns of health-care utilisation for undocumented immigrants changed in the observed period which might be caused by the EU enlargement to the East. The heterogeneous quality of the annual reports and the lack of information about the use of alternative health-care facilities limit the results of this analysis.
The demand of research-oriented learning in higher education which was raisedin various European countries at the end of the 1960s focused above all on institutional feasibilities. In this article a broader view 0/1 the subject is given. Research-oriented learning is examined both as part of students' abilities and as a special learning style. The empirical data were gathered by means of a scaledeveloped within an international longitudinal study on student socialisation. The findings show effects of selection as well as of socialisation. They indicate heterogeneity between main fields at the beginning of study and continuous development, throughout the course of time spent attending university. This trend is similar for four of the five countries studied -Austria, Germany, the Netherlands and Poland. The fifth country Yugoslavia proved to be an exception. But in all five countries the level reached by students remains unsatisfactory in view of the university's objectives. The factors determining the development of a research-oriented learning style, in addition to the field of study, are motivation and gender. Throughout their studies women in all countries remain at a lower average level. This in particular, would have to be considered in a renewed discussion of the topic.
Referring to and in critical appreciation of the traditional college environment research in the USA theoretical premises and methodological problems of measurement are discussed. The own approach, established within the framework of a German panel-study includes mainly three components of university environment's measurement, which are to presented in this contribution: the criteria of how to choose relevant dimensions out of the universe of indicators, the multi-level conception of university environment, and the association of individual's perception and evaluation. The longitudinal empirical findings which are to be shown then are selected examples for demonstrating the fruitfulness of our proposal. They examine how students perceive various levels of their environment, and how they evaluate it. Both aspects as well as the configuration of perception and evaluation give hints on the importance of measuring university environment in the manner proposed and also on its relevance for the investigation of students' socialisation.
ZusammenfassungDrei quantitativ-empirische Erhebungen zugrundelegend, wendet sich der Beitrag jenen Werthaltungen zu, die Erzieherinnen, und ergänzend Eltern, im Hinblick auf den Kindergarten und Kinder im Vorschulalter formulieren. Die Befunde zeigen, dass der Kindergarten als facettenreiche, multifunktionale Einrichtung gesehen und positiv bewertet wird. Die Erziehungsziele erweisen sich als überaus anspruchsvoll, Individualität und Soziabilität gleichermaßen betonend, konventionelle Leitbilder weniger stark gewichtend. Das Spektrum bleibt im querschnittlichen Rückblick auf die letzte Dekade relativ stabil. Doch sind die berufliche Umwelt, weitere Aspekte des professionalen und personalen Wertesystems und zuvorderst das berufliche Selbstverständnis bedeutsame Variationsquellen. Auch wenn die unmittelbare Handlungsrelevanz dieser Orientierungen strittig ist, dienen sie als Indikatoren der gesellschaftlichen Sicht auf Kinder. Sie fordern dazu heraus, den Diskurs über den Elementarsektor und sein Profil weiter zu beleben.
Summary Preschool Teachers' and Parents' Pedagogic View of Kindergarten and its Children.On the basis of three quantitative investigations, the orientations and values of preschool teachers and, in addition, parents are examined. The results indicate that the kindergarten is perceived as an important, multifunctional institution with high social relevance. Moreover, educators as well as parents define very ambitious pedagogic aims -they emphasize individuality and sociability, without abandoning conventional ideas completely. This attitude has remained steady throughout the last decade. Sources of variations are the vocational context of the preschool teachers, various professional and personal orientations. Although the immediate significance of pedagogic values for action is arguable, they are indicators for the modern definition of children. They suggest that further discussion on the German preschool system and its future profile is necessary.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.