In the diagnosis of cranial cruciate ligament, it is essential that the clinician is aware of each test's features and limitations to reduce the risk of misdiagnosis.

Objectives To report the clinical outcomes of different surgical treatments used to manage feline corneal sequestra in a large number of cases. Materials and Methods Medical records of 172 cats affected by feline corneal sequestra and surgically managed by different techniques were retrospectively evaluated. Signalment, surgical technique, visual outcomes, postoperative corneal clarity and recurrence were evaluated. Results One hundred and seventy‐two cats (175 eyes) of different breeds, ages and sex were included in the retrospective case series. The Persian was the most represented breed (123/172; 71.5%), followed by Exotic Shorthair breed (21/172; 12.2%), Domestic shorthair breed (21/172; 12.2%) and a smaller group of other different breeds (7/172). Surgical management included a superficial (84/175 eyes) or deep (91/175 eyes) lamellar keratectomy in association with the following covering techniques (tectonic support and/or protective support): nictitans membrane flap (n=84), conjunctival pedicle graft (n=52), BioSISt graft (n=9), corneoconjunctival transposition (n=7), corneoconjunctival transposition+nictitans membrane flap (n=6), conjunctival free island graft (n=6), BioSISt+conjunctival pedicle graft (n=6), BioSISt+nictitans membrane flap (n=4) and bridge conjunctival graft (n=1). At the end of the retrospective case series, visus was present in all patients and no or mild corneal opacity was detected in 86% (151/175 eyes) of the patients. Sequestra recurred in 20 eyes (20/175; 11.4%) within 2 years. Clinical Significance This paper describes the clinical outcomes of a large number of cases of feline corneal sequestra treated with varying surgical techniques and provides useful insight regarding the prognosis and outcomes of these techniques within feline ophthalmology.

Development of trichobezoar and subsequent bowel obstruction should be considered an unusual but potential long-term complication of CEEA-stapled anastomosis.

BackgroundThe trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is a brainstem reflex that may be observed in anaesthesia during surgical procedures stimulating the intracranial or peripheral portion of the trigeminal nerve. The peripheral TCR is divided into the oculocardiac reflex and the maxillomandibulocardiac reflex based on the affected sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve. In veterinary medicine the oculocardiac reflex has been described, however the maxillomandibulocardiac reflex has never been reported.Case presentationA 5-year-old male Epagneul Breton was presented for surgical management of an upper lip mass. During surgery, a sudden severe bradycardia and a decrease in systemic arterial blood pressure developed. The occurrence of a maxillomandibulocardiac reflex was suspected on the basis of the temporary link between surgical stimulation and haemodynamic changes. Three doses of atropine were given before starting a dopamine infusion due to lack of response. The dopamine infusion normalized heart rhythm and blood pressure. The dog recovered uneventfully and he was discharged 24 h later with a sinus rhythm and no sign of recurrence of arrhythmias.ConclusionThe TCR is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of procedures involving the sensory areas innervated by the three branches of the trigeminal nerve and it may cause bradycardia with hypotension. The use of a β1-adrenergic receptor agonist such as dopamine may be indicated in cases of a refractory response to the conventional treatment with atropine.

In dogs, the use of intrathecal hypobaric bupivacaine and morphine as a part of a balanced anaesthetic protocol should be considered during unilateral major orthopaedic surgeries of the pelvis and hind limb, as it allowed a reduction in the dose administered compared to isobaric solutions, providing selective spinal anaesthesia, excellent long-lasting analgesia, and rapid recovery of ambulation.

A novel one-stage reconstructive technique using an interdigital reverse flap was used in five-year-old Siberian Husky after resection of a mast cell tumour involving the medial aspect of the II right metacarpal bone and the proximal II phalanx. En bloc excision of the digital mass, including second digit and metacarpal bone, was performed. The result skin defect was too wide to be managed with reconstructive techniques, such as skin relaxing and stretching techniques, and rotating and advancement flaps and was reconstructed with a skin flap harvested from the interdigital skin of the amputated digit. This new technique represents a one-stage surgical option for reconstruction of skin deficits of the medial and lateral aspects of the metacarpal and metatarsal region in dogs. To author’s knowledge, this technique has never been reported.