House dust mites were the most prevalent allergens in patients with asthma and/or rhinitis in China. There were significant differences in patterns of sensitizations in patients from different geographical areas, age groups as well as asthma and/or rhinitis.
One year treatment with Alutard SQ house dust mite immunotherapy significantly reduced symptoms and medication use in asthmatic subjects. This was associated with a greater subjective improvement in asthma control.
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is becoming a major challenge for global health and social care. However, the current understanding of AD pathogenesis is limited, and no early diagnosis and disease-modifying therapy are currently available. During the past year, significant progress has been made in clinical research on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of AD. In this review, we summarize the latest achievements, including diagnostic biomarkers, polygenic hazard score, amyloid and tau PET imaging, clinical trials targeting amyloid-beta (Aβ), tau, and neurotransmitters, early intervention, and primary prevention and systemic intervention approaches, and provide novel perspectives for further efforts to understand and cure the disease.
Carboxyl-containing
metabolites (CCMs) widely exist in living systems
and are the essential components for life. Global characteristics
of CCMs in biological samples are critical for the understanding of
physiological processes and the discovery for the onset of relevant
diseases. However, their determination represents a challenge due
to enormous polarity differences, structural diversity, high structural
similarity, and poor ionization efficiency in mass spectrometry. Herein,
5-(diisopropylamino)amylamine (DIAAA) derivatization coupled with
liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was developed
for mapping the CCMs. With this methodology, the sensitivity was significantly
enhanced. More importantly, the hydrophobicity of polar CCMs, amino
acids, TCA cycle intermediates, and short-chain fatty acids and the
hydrophilicity of low-polar CCMs, long-chain fatty acids, and bile
acids were significantly increased, resulting in a remarkable separation
efficiency for which 68 CCMs can be simultaneously determined. Furthermore,
the polarity-tuning effect was confirmed to be induced by the different
impacts of aliphatic chains and nitrogen atom in DIAAA, the latter
existing as a cation in the acidic mobile phase, using different derivatization
reagents. Finally, this derivatization method was utilized to hunt
for the potential biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and
52 CCMs, related with several key metabolic pathways, including amino
acids metabolism, TCA cycle, fatty acid metabolism, pyruvate metabolism,
and gut flora metabolism were identified. This innovative polarity-tuning
derivatization-LC-MS approach was proved to be a valuable tool for
probing global metabolome with high separation efficiency and sensitivity
in various biological samples.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and it has been strongly correlated to tobacco smoking. While a number of studies have concentrated on smokers only, recent published data demonstrate that at least one fourth of patients with COPD are nonsmokers, and that the burden of COPD in non-smokers is also higher than previously believed. Risk factors of COPD in non-smokers may include genetic factors, long-standing asthma, outdoor air pollution (from traffic and other sources), environmental smoke exposure (ETS), biomass smoke, occupational exposure, diet, recurrent respiratory infection in early childhood, tuberculosis and so on. In Asian region, indoor/ outdoor air pollution and poor socioeconomic status may play important roles in the pathogenesis of nonsmoking-related COPD. The prevalence of COPD among never smokers varies widely across nations. Such a variation may arise from several aspects, including study design, definition of COPD, diagnostic criteria, age and gender distribution of the studied population, local risk factors and socioeconomic status. More investigations and efforts are required to elucidate the involved factors and their shared contributions to non-smoking-related COPD so as to achieve better estimation and reduction of the burden of this neglected entity worldwide.
Background
The inactivated Sinopharm/BBIBP COVID‐19 vaccine has been widely used in the world and has joined the COVAX vaccine supply program for developing countries. It is also well adapted for usage in low‐ and middle‐income nations due to their low storage requirements.
Objective
This study aims to report on the kinetics, durability, and neutralizing ability of the induced immunity of the BBIBP vaccine, and the intensified antibody response elicited by the booster.
Methods
A total of 353 healthy adult participants, aged 20–74 years, were recruited in this multicenter study. A standard dose of the BBIBP vaccine was administered (Month 0), followed by a second standard dose (Month 1), and a booster dose (after Month 7). Vaccine‐induced virus‐specific antibody levels (SARS‐CoV‐2‐IgA/IgM/IgG), conventional virus neutralization test (cVNT), pseudovirus neutralization test (pVNT), and surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) were monitored over multiple time points.
Results
Neutralizing titers induced by the two doses of inactivated vaccine for COVID‐19 peaked at Month 2 and declined to 33.89% at Month 6. Following the booster dose, elevated levels of antibodies were induced for IgA, IgG, and neutralizing antibodies, with neutralizing titer reaching 13.2 times that of before the booster.
Conclusion
By monitoring the antibody titer levels postvaccination, this study has shown that serum antibody levels will decrease over time, but a notable spike in antibody levels postbooster highlights the anamnestic immune response. This signifies that the protection capability has increased following the injection of booster immunization.
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