Antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of the crude extract of some selected plant samples against some microbial isolates was investigated.Plant samples were extracted using ethyl acetate and methanol as extracting solvents based on polarity. Antimicrobial studies was carried out using Agar disc diffusion method. Zones of inhibitions were measured, Tetracycline, Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol and Ofloxacin antibiotics were used as positive control. Extracting solvent served as negative control and work was done in triplicates.Plant samples were found to contain several bioactive compounds in various combinations. Ethyl acetate Pawpaw leaves extract gave the best results with zones of inhibition as high as 27.3 ± 11.7mm and 25.3 ± 0.6mm against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans respectively, while methanol Pawpaw leaves extracts gave the best result with zone of inhibition as high as 25.0 ± 13.0mm against Staphylococcus aureus. Ampicillin and Chloramphenicol in all cases and for both extracting solvents showed no significant difference in the mean zone of inhibition compared with plant extracts at 5% level of significance. The minimum bactericidal concentration was found with ethyl acetate pawpaw leaves extract against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (bactericidal) at 100mg/ml and 200mg/ml respectively while all the others were bacteriostatic.It was thus concluded that the selected plant extracts could serve as alternative drugs for the treatment of diseases.
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) has been grown for thousands of years in Africa where its leaves are consumed in human and animal. Kenaf is grown in home garden for fibre, the more tender upper leaves and shoots are sometimes eaten either raw or cooked. The leaf silage is used in feeding of farm dairy animals. Seed borne pathogen are known to have negative effects on the viability of a seed and possibly on the growth and yield of a plant. Therefore this study involves Isolation, Observation and Characterization of seed borne pathogen of kenaf seeds. The seed samples used were 2QQ,
Bioactive phytochemical constituents in medicinal plants are sources and templates for the synthesis of new antimicrobial drugs, this study has revealed the phytochemicals present in Phyllantus amarus and Azadiractha indica. screening of the extracts of Phyllanthus amarus and Azadirachta indicawhich indicates the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides in varying concentrations within the aqueous and methanol extracts. Flavonoids were abundant in the crude methanolic and aqueous extract of A.indica but were absent in the methanolic and aqueous extract of P.amarus. Alkaloids were also abundantly present in the crude methanol and aqueous extract of A.indica but were significantly absent in the crude methanol and aqueous extract of P.amarus. Saponins were slightly and moderately present in the methanol and aqueous crude extract of P.amarus while it was slightly present in both the crude methanol and aqueous extract of A. indica. Tannins were not detected in the crude methanol extract of P.amarus but were moderately present in the aqueous extract while it was slightly and moderately present in the crude aqueous and methanol extract of A.indica. Anthraquinones were slightly present in the crude aqueous and methanol extract of both P.amarus and A.indica. Terpenoids were not detected in the crude methanol extract of P.amarus but was slightly detected in the crude aqueous extract and in both the crude methanol and aqueous extract of A.indica. Cardiac glycosides were absent in the crude aqueous and methanol extract of P.amarus and A.indica.
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