In statistics it is important to know the method of analysing data. The study looked at parametric tests with a special focus on the three t-tests. In this paper, the researcher provide a brief review of commonly used three t-tests namely an independent sample t-test, dependent sample-test and one sample t-test. The researcher has presented the formulae for calculating an independent sample t-test, dependent sample-test and one sample t-test. Procedures have also been written in this article on how to conduct the three t-tests in SPSS. The article has also looked at the formulae for calculating the effect size and its important when conducting a study.
A mode of teaching where students receive all information passively from a lecturer is ineffective in fostering of conceptual understanding of statistics. One mode of teaching which engages learners in the learning process of statistics is e-learning. This study was therefore, designed to determine the effect and challenges of e-learning on students at Mukuba University. The study employed quasi-experimental design. Sample for the study consisted of 60 third year students of mathematics studying statistics. Self-made questionnaire and statistics performance tests were used to collect data for the study. Students in the experimental group learnt Gamma and Beta Function, and Probability Distributions of Function of Random Variable using E-Learning approach while students in the control group learnt Gamma and Beta Function, and Probability Distributions of Function of Random Variable using conventional learning approach. Data for the study was analyzed using independent sample t-test statistics. The null hypothesis (𝐻𝐻 0 ) was tested at 5 percent significance level. The findings of the study revealed that E-Learning approach improved students' academic performance. Based on this, this study recommended that E-Learning should be used as an alternative method in teaching of statistics.
Electricity is one of the key factors that are critical for accelerating the growth of the economy of the country. Without electricity, a number of sectors are affected. From 2014, Zambia has been facing serious load shedding which has an effect on the lives of people from academia to industry. The study was designed to determine the effect of load shedding on small scale entrepreneurs in Zambia. The approach for the study was mixed research. The sample for the study consisted of 200 people working in bars, salons, barbershops and in cafes. Simple random sampling was used to come up with 200 participants. Data for the study were collected through questionnaire and face to face interviews. Data for the study were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance. The null hypothesis was tested at 5% significance level. The findings of the study revealed that load shedding has negative effect on small scale entrepreneurs in Zambia.
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