Background:Oxidative stress has become a real entity in etiopathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). It may result from steady flux of free radicals and lipid peroxides in vivo. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a stable end product of lipid peroxidation. Accumulative evidences suggest that hyperglycemia in Type 2 DM can produce major changes in nitric oxide (NO) production as well as in its action. Alteration in metabolism of trace elements is also observed in DM.Objective:To evaluate oxidative stress, status of NO, and trace elements zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg) in type 2 DM and to correlate these parameters with disease process.Materials and Methods:Ninety-two cases with diabetes were included in the study, out of which 51 were type 2 DM without any complication and 41 were type 2 DM with complications. Fifty-one nondiabetic healthy controls from hospital staff were selected for the study. Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast for estimation of fasting plasma glucose, postprandial glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, trace element status, MDA, and NO.Results:Study revealed a rise in MDA levels in both uncomplicated and complicated cases with diabetes (2.47 ± 0.53, 3.98 ± 0.42 nmol/ml, respectively) as compared to controls (1.43 ± 0.23 nmol/ml), which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mean levels of NO, Zn, and Mg were significantly lower in both the diabetic groups than the control group (P < 0.05). MDA showed a significant positive correlation with plasma glucose, lipid profile parameters (except high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and significant negative correlation with Zn (r = −0.44, P < 0.05) and Mg (r = −0.31, P < 0.05). NO levels were correlated significantly with plasma glucose, dyslipidemia, and HbA1c (P < 0.05). The effects of glycemic status on trace element concentrations were evident from a significant negative correlation between Zn and Mg with fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c.Conclusion:Findings of the present study may establish the role of hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, impaired NO, and trace elements in pathogenesis and long-term vascular complications of type 2 DM.
Background: Cholelithiasis is a common problem in day to day surgical practice, which has a prevalence of 10-15%. The prevalence is more here in this part of the country as this is a pocket of sickle cell disease region. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard procedure for gall stone diseases. Out of many complications one of the most important complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy is bile duct injury particularly in difficult cases. Difficulties arise during creation of pneumoperitonium, releasing adhesion, identifying anatomy, anatomical variations and during extraction of gall bladder.Methods: A prospective study was carried out at VSS institute of Medical Science and Research, Burla, Sambalpur, a tertiary referral centre and a teaching hospital in the western Odisha. One hundred patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis were taken up for the study after due clearance from the institutional ethical committee. They were evaluated for risk factors such as-age of the patient, sex of the patient, previous abdominal surgery, number of previous attacks, total WBC count, gall bladder wall thickness and pericholecystic collection on ultrasonography.Results: Previous abdominal surgery, duration since acute attack, number of previous attacks, ultrasonography findings of increased wall thickness, stone impaction at neck and pericholecystic collection, increased total WBC count are associated with difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Conclusions: The predictors for difficult cholecystectomy will make the surgeon extra cautious during the procedure so as to minimize the complications.
Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the most commonly performed laparoscopic surgery worldwide. Safe cholecystectomy is the priority to reduce the morbidity and mortality. There is a paradigm shift from extensive Calot’s dissection to identification of Rouviere’s sulcus and lesser dissection. Identification and analysis of Rouviere’s sulcus will help us doing a safe cholecystectomy and avoiding further injuries to bile ducts.Methods: The study included 160 cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, posted in elective OT and identified Rouviere’s sulcus during laparoscopy. Table visual inspection and analysis was done. And the collected data was analyzed for different types of sulcus, its position, morphology and content.Results: Of 160 cases, 147 cases had Rouviere’s sulcus. 13 cases did not have a sulcus. Open type sulcus was present in 99 cases, 35 had closed type, whereas 19 had slit type and only 7 had a scar like sulcus. The study showed 92% of our patients had Rouviere’s sulcus and of them 61.9% had an open type which was the most common type of sulcus of them 18 cases had a visible pulsating vessel in the floor of the sulcus i.e. posterior sectional pedicle in the sulcus.Conclusions: Present study showed, in 92% cases it is easy and approachable to visualise the Rouvier’s sulcus. So, it is feasible and beneficial to identify the sulcus and keep the dissection above this level to avoid common bile duct injury and further complication thereof.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.