Study of lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide end product, and trace element status in type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without complications

Abstract

Background:Oxidative stress has become a real entity in etiopathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). It may result from steady flux of free radicals and lipid peroxides in vivo. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a stable end product of lipid peroxidation. Accumulative evidences suggest that hyperglycemia in Type 2 DM can produce major changes in nitric oxide (NO) production as well as in its action. Alteration in metabolism of trace elements is also observed in DM.Objective:To evaluate oxidative stress, status of NO, and trace elements zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg) in type 2 DM and to correlate these parameters with disease process.Materials and Methods:Ninety-two cases with diabetes were included in the study, out of which 51 were type 2 DM without any complication and 41 were type 2 DM with complications. Fifty-one nondiabetic healthy controls from hospital staff were selected for the study. Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast for estimation of fasting plasma glucose, postprandial glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, trace element status, MDA, and NO.Results:Study revealed a rise in MDA levels in both uncomplicated and complicated cases with diabetes (2.47 ± 0.53, 3.98 ± 0.42 nmol/ml, respectively) as compared to controls (1.43 ± 0.23 nmol/ml), which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mean levels of NO, Zn, and Mg were significantly lower in both the diabetic groups than the control group (P < 0.05). MDA showed a significant positive correlation with plasma glucose, lipid profile parameters (except high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and significant negative correlation with Zn (r = −0.44, P < 0.05) and Mg (r = −0.31, P < 0.05). NO levels were correlated significantly with plasma glucose, dyslipidemia, and HbA1c (P < 0.05). The effects of glycemic status on trace element concentrations were evident from a significant negative correlation between Zn and Mg with fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c.Conclusion:Findings of the present study may establish the role of hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, impaired NO, and trace elements in pathogenesis and long-term vascular complications of type 2 DM.

Glycemic control and its impact on oxidative stress biomarkers in type 2 diabetic patients treated with metformin: a cross-sectional analysis

“…An increase in plasma concentration of MDA level in T2DM patients, controlled and uncontrolled as shown in this study, clearly reflects oxidative stress in consequence of lipid peroxidation. In concordance with the present study, Mishra and Mishra [19] reported a positive correlation between MDA level and indices of glycemic control. In the present study, comparison between controlled T2DM against uncontrolled T2DM showed no significant difference in mean plasma level of MDA.…”

Systemic translation of locally infiltrated epidermal growth factor in diabetic lower extremity wounds

“…The fact that EGF treatment significantly reduced the nitrite levels, as the main NO‐derived oxidation product at T1 is of paramount clinical relevance. Converging types of evidence indicate that nitrosilative stress is strongly associated with a myriad of diabetes‐related complications, organs' dysfunctions, and ultimately to patients outcome . Cutaneous wound repair is also dramatically influenced by NO metabolism where an exquisite fine‐tuning is required at both organismal and in the wound milieu levels for a proper healing trajectory …”

“…34 The fact that EGF treatment significantly reduced the nitrite levels, as the main NO-derived oxidation product 35 evidence indicate that nitrosilative stress is strongly associated with a myriad of diabetes-related complications, organs' dysfunctions, and ultimately to patients outcome. 36,37 Cutaneous wound repair is also dramatically influenced by NO metabolism 38 where an exquisite fine-tuning is required at both organismal and in the wound milieu levels for a proper healing trajectory. 39 AGE are a heterogeneous group of molecules that upon their interaction with the cell-bound RAGE results in generation of oxygen radicals, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cell adhesion molecules overexpression, altogether largely involved in diabetic multiorgan complications pathophysiology.…”

Hepatoprotective Effects ofMorchella esculentaagainst Alcohol-Induced Acute Liver Injury in the C57BL/6 Mouse Related to Nrf-2 and NF-κB Signaling

“…ROS, a strong oxidant, can damage cellular macromolecules such as DNA, lipids, and proteins and can also promote lipid peroxidation [52]. MDA, the end product of lipid peroxidation, can reflect the degree of lipid peroxidation, thus reflecting the extent of the damage of liver cells [53]. 8-OHdG is a widely accepted biomarker for reflecting the oxidative DNA damages [54].…”