<p>Domestication and genetic improvement of shrimp are required towards production of superior broodstock. BBPBAP Jepara had performed study on evaluation of genetic diversity of black tiger and white shrimp broodstock and their progenies produced in hatchery, using <em>Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism</em> (RFLP)-mtDNA method. Amplification of black tiger shrimp mtDNA used primers designed based on 16S rDNA sequences, and the products were restricted by <em>Nde</em> II enzyme. While the primers for white shrimp was based on COIL and COIH sequences, and their PCR products were digested with <em>Nla</em> III. The results of study showed that heterogeneity of tiger shrimp derived from Aceh waters was 0.1063, while their F1 progeny was 0.0494. Heterogeneity of male tiger shrimp from Aceh waters and their progeny was 0.2811 and 0.1023, respectively, while of female was 0.1594 and 0.0940, respectively. Heterogeneity of F1 tiger shrimp from Sunda Strait was 0.0405, while their F2 was homozygous. Heterogeneity of F1 male and female tiger shrimp from Sunda Strait was 0.0641 and 0.1567, respectively, while of F2 was homozygous for both male and female. Heterogeneity value of F1 white shrimp from Hawaii was 0.0069, while the F2 was homozygous. Heterogeneity of F1 male and female white shrimp was 0.0099 and 0.0234, respectively, while of their F2 for both male and female were homozygous. Homozygous has been found in F1 of white shrimp broodstock from Florida. Based on the results of study, genetic variation of tiger shrimp and white shrimp broodstock used in hatchery were decrease. Combination of conventional selective breeding approach and molecular technique may be useful to faster to meet the goal of domestication and quality improvement of penaeid species in Indonesia.</p> <p>Keywords: black tiger shrimp, white shrimp, RFLP, heterogeneity, genetic marker.</p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Dalam rangka penyiapan induk-induk udang yang berkualitas unggul, diperlukan usaha untuk domestikasi dan perbaikan mutu genetik udang. Di BBPBAP Jepara telah dilakukan suatu kajian untuk mengevaluasi keragaman genetik induk udang windu dan udang vaname beserta keturunannya yang dihasilkan dari panti pembenihan dengan metode <em>Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism</em> (RFLP)-mtDNA. Amplifikasi mtDNA udang windu menggunakan primer yang didisain berdasarkan sekuens 16S rDNA, dan produk PCR dipotong menggunakan enzim <em>Nde</em> II. Sementara primer untuk udang vaname dibuat berdasarkan sekuens COIL dan COIH, dan produk PCR dipotong dengan enzim <em>Nla</em> III.<a name="OLE_LINK2"></a><a name="OLE_LINK1"> Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai heterogenitas populasi induk udang windu asal Aceh dari alam sebesar 0,1063 dan turunan F1-nya sebesar 0,0494. Populasi induk windu jantan Aceh dari alam sebesar 0,2811 dan turunan F1-nya sebesar 0,1023; sedangkan populasi induk windu betina Aceh dari alam sebesar 0,1594 dan turunan F1-nya sebesar 0,0940. Nilai heterogenitas populasi induk udang windu asal Selat Sunda turunan F1 sebesar 0,0405 dan turunan F2-nya adalah homozigot. Populasi induk windu jantan Selat Sunda turunan F1 sebesar 0,0641 dan turunan F2-nya adalah homozigot; sedangkan populasi induk windu betina Selat Sunda turunan F1 sebesar 0,1567 dan turunan F2-nya adalah homozigot. Nilai heterogenitas populasi induk udang vaname asal Hawaii turunan F1 sebesar 0,0069 dan turunan F2 adalah homozigot. Populasi induk vaname jantan Hawaii turunan F1 sebesar 0,0099 dan turunan F2-nya adalah homozigot. Populasi induk betina Hawaii turunan F1 sebesar 0,0234 dan turunan F2-nya adalah homozigot. </a>Homozigositas pada induk udang vaname asal Florida telah terlihat pada turunan F1-nya. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan adanya penurunan variasi genetik pada induk udang windu dan udang vaname yang digunakan di panti pembenihan. Kombinasi antara pendekatan selektif breeding konvensional dan aplikasi teknik molekuler mungkin bermanfaat untuk mempercepat tercapainya tujuan domestikasi dan perbaikan kualitas udang penaeid di Indonesia. </p> <p>Kata kunci : Udang windu, udang vaname, RFLP, heterogenitas, marker genetik</p>
Aquaculture technology using Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) is basically a technology for fish farming by reusing water used in production. This technology is based on the use of mechanical and biological filters, and this method in principle can be used for all species cultivated in aquaculture such as fish, shrimp, shellfish and others. This study was carried out at Station for Investigation of Fish Health and Environment (LP2IL) Serang’s field test facility starting from June to November 2020 (110 days of sand lobster grow-out period). In this study, the RAS system used for grow-out of sand lobster uses a series of containers, compartments, tanks and equipment for water treatment with the following purification stages (1) sedimentation containers; (2) physical filtration; (3) biological filtration, (4) disinfection of water by UV irradiation, (5) removal of CO2, (6) clean water reservoirs and (7) tanks for grow-out of sand lobster. In this study, a series of tests were carried out on several biological activities parameters of sand lobster including growth weight and length, FCR, SR, molting and biomass, which were measured every two weeks during grow-out period. From the results of this study activity, it is found that the biological parameters of sand lobster grow-out with RAS is improving when compared to sand lobster grow-out in flow through water system (FT).
The purpose of this study was to identify and morphologically characterize the hemocyte cell types of freshwater crayfish, Cherax cainii. In addition to morphological observations using a light microscope (LM) and electron transmission microscope (TEM), a flow cytometer (FCM) is also used. Three main types of haemocyte of C. cainii were identified by LM, TEM, and FCM. Determination of haemocyte by LM based on the number, size of cytoplasmic granules and the ratio of N:C. These cells are Hyaline (HC), Small Granule (SGC), and Large Granule (LGC) cells. Three types of haemocyte were also observed by TEM based on cell and nucleus size, granule diameter, number of cytoplasmic granules per cell and N:C. Haemocyte population was successfully detected with FCM based on forward scatter (FSC) signals, versus side scattering signals/side scatter (SSC), with plot data via scatter parameter gating. Three cluster formations were observed, which were temporarily classified as SGC, LGC, and HC regions. Morphometric analysis was performed with TEM on C. cainii haemocyte to measure various cellular features. Some morphological features vary between types of haemocyte and are also affected by temperature. Total hemocyte count (THC) and differential hemocyte count (DHC) are calculated using FCM. THC increases with higher temperatures, from 1,9 x 106 /ml at 20 °C to 4.9 x 106 /ml at 30 °C. The most abundant hemocyte at all temperatures is HC, followed by SGC and LGC.
Aquaculture with the Recirculation Aquaculture System (RAS) is a unique engineered ecosystem that minimizes environmental disturbances by reducing the discharge of nutrient pollution through reuse of water used in fish farming. This activity was conducted at LP2IL Serang field test facility starting in June-November 2020. In this test, the RAS system used for growing of sand lobster uses the stages of purification: sedimentation, physical filtration, biological filtration, water disinfection with UV irradiation, removal of CO2, clean water reservoirs and sand lobster rearing tanks. Water quality parameters tested: a) physics: DO, pH, temperature and salinity are measured every day; b) chemistry: ammonia (TAN and UIA), nitrite, nitrate and phosphate are measured every two weeks. If from the UIA value calculation, the value is above the quality standard (> 0.05 mg / L) then added molasses (26.02% organic C) with a concentration of 64 gr / gr TAN; c) microbiology: total bacteria and Vibrio sp. counting. From the results of this study it is known that RAS can maintain stable water quality for a relatively long time. High availability of organic matter (from leftover feed, feces and addition of molasses) can promote the growth of nitrifying bacteria. The "maturation" of the nitrifying bacteria in the biofilter compartment takes about 6 weeks. These bacteria are able to reduce levels of ammonium nitrogen, where the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen (NO3-) which is produced from the overhaul of nitrite nitrogen (NO2-) by nitrifying bacteria, is a signal that the maturation process of nitrifying bacteria has been achieved. The nitrification process consumes alkalis, hence lowers the pH value in the water, besides it also consumes a large amount of oxygen. The low number of bacteria and vibrio in the RAS system was affected by the use of a UV-sterilizer with a wavelength of 254 nm.
Prinsip interaksi antigen-antibodi menyebabkan antibodi banyak diproduksi untuk dimanfaatkan dalam mendeteksi penyakit dengan uji immunoassay. Antibodi yang diperoleh dari serum darah kelinci biasanya masih tercampur oleh berbagai macam protein darah sehingga perlu dilakukan pemurnian. Pemurnian antibodi dari serum umumnya menggunakan ammonium sulfat (Suhito, 2016). Penelitian ini memvariasikan tingkat kejenuhan ammonium sulfat untuk memberikan informasi yang optimal dalam presipitasi gama imunoglobulin (IgG). Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan imunisasi ulang (boosting) sangat baik untuk dilakukan dalam pembuatan antibodi dan antibodi dapat dimurnikan secara optimum menggunakan ammonium sulfat dengan kejenuhan 35-42% untuk dilanjutkan proses dialisis. Antibodi yang dihasilkan mampu mendeteksi antigen dan toksin dari A. hydrophila dan dapat diaplikasikan pada uji imunohistokimia.
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